The Impact of Optimal Demand Response Control and Thermal Energy Storage on a District Heating System

Salo, Sonja; Hast, Aira; Jokisalo, Juha; Kosonen, Risto; Syri, Sanna; Hirvonen, Janne; Martin, Kristian

doi:10.3390/en12091678

Cited by 30 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…However, they stated that the findings also reflect the need for development of DH pricing models to make the demand side management more attractive to DH customers. Similar results were also reported by Romanchenko et al in [18], where the cost savings achieved were approximately 1%, and Salo et al in [17], whose simulated results showed that even in the best case, heat production costs can be decreased by only 0.7%. All studies mentioned above have reported cost savings to be low.…”

Section: Economic Feasibility Of the Studied Dr System From Stakeholdsupporting

confidence: 89%

“…To achieve some effect in heat production by controlling the DR, there must be a lot of power within the DR, which means there is a need for a number of buildings using a DR service. A redeeming feature is that the DR usage level can be quite high as the residential buildings store heat well, which means that the mass of the building cools down slowly [13,[16][17][18][19][20][21]. It can be seen in the field test that a couple of hours without heating do not have any notable effect on indoor air conditions, and with the help of DR production can be optimized during as much as 33 percent of the day without causing discomfort to customers.…”

Section: Smart Interaction Between Buildings and Energy System Emissionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Heat demand variations in DH systems, however, produce problematic conditions for efficient heat generation. Therefore, a number of papers have concentrated on buildings' potential for storing heat in district heating systems [13,[16][17][18][19][20][21]. Several pilot projects with DH DR have been conducted in Finland or Sweden.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, a few studies concentrated on economic benefits [17,21], as well as on energy flexibility and DR's impact on indoor temperatures, although these were based on simulations. For example, Koponen et al [25] studied the DR demand response in a seven-floor blockhouse connected to district heating using the IDA-ICE building simulation software model [26].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Demand Response in District Heating Market—Results of the Field Tests in Student Apartment Buildings

Ala-Kotila

Vainio

Heinonen³

2020

Smart Cities

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This article presents the field test of the developed demand response system installed in the central heating systems of existing apartment buildings. The buildings are occupied by students and located in Tampere, Finland, which is within the northern climate zone. The studied buildings are connected to the local district heating network. The presented demand response system takes into account weather forecasts, indoor temperatures and decreases in space heating temperatures when demand for domestic hot water is the highest. The owner of the buildings benefits from peak demand control and can save in fixed fees. If enough buildings would have this kind of demand response control system, there would be a decreased need for utility companies to use peak power plants that typically use fossil fuels for heat production. In this field test, the peak load decrease was 14%–15% on average. During the test, the heating period of February and March, the normalized energy consumption of eight buildings was reduced by 11%, which represents a 9% annual cut in energy, costs and greenhouse gas emissions. Demand Response (DR) heating aims to help in reaching the objectives of the National Energy and Climate Strategy for 2030.

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Section: Economic Feasibility Of the Studied Dr System From Stakeholdsupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Smart Interaction Between Buildings and Energy System Emissionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Demand Response in District Heating Market—Results of the Field Tests in Student Apartment Buildings

Ala-Kotila

Vainio

Heinonen³

2020

Smart Cities

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“…Reduction of heat loss in heating networks can also be achieved by using thicker layers of thermal insulation or heating networks with a lower thermal conduction coefficient of thermal insulation, which is associated with a higher cost of heating networks. Heat exchange in single pre-insulated heating networks, which are the most commonly used, has been thoroughly studied [7][8][9][10][11]. Heat losses in single pre-insulated pipes can be determined using analytical methods [3,7,9,12,13] as well as using numerical methods in two-dimensional [10,12] and three-dimensional [14] problems.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reduction of Heat Losses Using Quadruple Heating Pre-Insulated Networks: A Case Study

2019

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The paper presents an analysis of heat loss and reductions of annual emissions of air pollutants of a quadruple pre-insulated heating network by comparing this solution with the existing pre-insulated network consisting of four pre-insulated single pipes and the variant consisting of two twin pipe pre-insulated. For calculations, an existing heating network located in central Poland was adopted, where heat is transported for heating purposes of buildings and domestic hot water with circulation of domestic hot water through four separate pre-insulated underground pipes. The idea of the construction of four pre-insulated pipes presented in the paper consists in the location of four steel pipes in a common round thermal insulation, which perform the role of heat transport for heating purposes in multi-family buildings (supply and return) and two pipes transporting hot water (a pipe with domestic hot water with circulation). In Poland, heating pipes used in multi-family housing have a larger diameter compared to domestic hot water pipes, which is why standard twin pipe heating pipes have been used in the construction of four pre-insulated networks, in which the domestic hot water pipe has been added to the thermal insulation and circulation of domestic hot water. In order to determine heat losses, a simplified two-dimensional model of conductive heat transfer was developed using Fortran to create a computer program. The results of numerical simulations show that the use of twin pipes for the construction of pre-insulated quadruple networks has contributed to a significant reduction in heat loss in relation to the existing single pre-insulated network (up to 57.1%), while reducing the thermal insulation field of the cross-section of the pre-insulated pipe by 21.4%.

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Control Solutions for TES Applications

Gracia¹,

Crespo²,

Veréz³

et al. 2022

Encyclopedia of Energy Storage

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The Impact of Optimal Demand Response Control and Thermal Energy Storage on a District Heating System

Cited by 30 publications

References 21 publications

Demand Response in District Heating Market—Results of the Field Tests in Student Apartment Buildings

Demand Response in District Heating Market—Results of the Field Tests in Student Apartment Buildings

Reduction of Heat Losses Using Quadruple Heating Pre-Insulated Networks: A Case Study

Control Solutions for TES Applications

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