“…Consistent with previous open innovation research that views open innovation development as a process of knowledge management (Gassmann & Enkel, 2004), we adopt of the lens of the knowledge-based view (Grant, 1996) to use knowledge as a foundational dimension to configure open innovation strategies. Although knowledge dimension may evolve naturally, the other stream of open innovation research suggests that, with the rise of open innovation activities increasingly involving a multiplicity of practices, relationships do matter in open innovation activities (e.g., Wang, Chang, & Shen, 2015;Du, Leten, & Vanhaverbeke, 2014;Liu, Tsou, & Chen, 2013;Sisodiya et al, 2013). As West and Bogers (2014) note, open innovation activities need relationships to external sources of knowledge inputs.…”