The impact of obstetric mode of delivery on childhood behavior

Khalaf, Sukainah Y. Al; O’Neill, Sinéad M; O’Keeffe, Linda M; Henriksen, Tine Brink; Kenny, Louise C.; Cryan, John F.; Khashan, Ali S.

doi:10.1007/s00127-015-1055-9

Cited by 58 publications

(72 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…As such, other investigations have attempted to recreate real-world early-life insults in the controlled context of animal models. For example, while associations between caesarean-section delivery, altered early life microbial colonization 171 , 172 and the incidence of behavioural disorders and abnormal cognitive development in humans 173 , 174 , 175 have been known for some time, the extent to which a direct causal relationship exists is difficult to discern, given the number of other potentially contributing variables. However, when vaginally delivered mouse pups are compared with those delivered via caesarean section they show an altered gut microbiome and increased anxiety, social deficits and repetitive behaviours reminiscent of autism spectrum disorder-like behaviours in humans.…”

Section: The Role Of the Microbiome In Brain Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

From gut dysbiosis to altered brain function and mental illness: mechanisms and pathways

et al. 2016

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The human body hosts an enormous abundance and diversity of microbes, which perform a range of essential and beneficial functions. Our appreciation of the importance of these microbial communities to many aspects of human physiology has grown dramatically in recent years. We know, for example, that animals raised in a germ-free environment exhibit substantially altered immune and metabolic function, while the disruption of commensal microbiota in humans is associated with the development of a growing number of diseases. Evidence is now emerging that, through interactions with the gut–brain axis, the bidirectional communication system between the central nervous system and the gastrointestinal tract, the gut microbiome can also influence neural development, cognition and behaviour, with recent evidence that changes in behaviour alter gut microbiota composition, while modifications of the microbiome can induce depressive-like behaviours. Although an association between enteropathy and certain psychiatric conditions has long been recognized, it now appears that gut microbes represent direct mediators of psychopathology. Here, we examine roles of gut microbiome in shaping brain development and neurological function, and the mechanisms by which it can contribute to mental illness. Further, we discuss how the insight provided by this new and exciting field of research can inform care and provide a basis for the design of novel, microbiota-targeted, therapies.

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Section: The Role Of the Microbiome In Brain Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

From gut dysbiosis to altered brain function and mental illness: mechanisms and pathways

et al. 2016

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“…Between December 2007 and March 2008, Khalaf et al [ 8 ] investigated in Ireland the effect of spontaneous VD ( n = 43,927) vs. elective CS ( n = 9460). Parents evaluated their children’s behavioral, cognitive, and motor developmental outcomes at the age of 9 months using the Ages and Stages Questionnaire (ASQ), and at the age of 3 years using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Impact of Cesarean and Vaginal Delivery on Results of Psychological Cognitive Test in 5 Year Old Children

et al. 2020

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Background and objectives: The impact of cesarean and vaginal delivery on cognitive development was analyzed in 5 year old children. Materials and Methods: Two cohorts of 5 year old children born in the years 2013 and 2014 in Karvina (Northern Moravia) and Ceske Budejovice (Southern Bohemia) were studied for their cognitive development related to vaginal (n = 117) and cesarean types of delivery (n = 51). The Bender Visual Motor Gestalt Test (BG test) and the Raven Colored Progressive Matrices (RCPM test) were used as psychological tests. Results: In the comparison of vaginal delivery vs. cesarean section, the children delivered by cesarean section scored lower and, therefore, achieved poorer performance in cognitive tests compared to those born by vaginal delivery, as shown in the RCPM (p < 0.001) and in the BG test (p < 0.001). When mothers’ education level was considered, the children whose mothers achieved a university degree scored higher in both the RCPM test (p < 0.001) and the BG test (p < 0.01) compared to the children of mothers with lower secondary education. When comparing mothers with a university degree to those with higher secondary education, there was a significant correlation between level of education and score achieved in the RCPM test (p < 0.001), but not in the BG test. Conclusions: According to our findings, the mode of delivery seems to have a significant influence on performance in psychological cognitive tests in 5 year old children in favor of those who were born by vaginal delivery. Since cesarean-born children scored notably below vaginally born children, it appears possible that cesarean delivery may have a convincingly adverse effect on children’s further cognitive development.

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“…), other studies using similar methodologies could not replicate the findings (Khalaf et al . ; Curran et al . , b ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parturition and the perinatal period: can mode of delivery impact on the future health of the neonate?

Tribe

Taylor

Kelly

et al. 2018

The Journal of Physiology

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Caesarean section and instrumental delivery rates are increasing in many parts of the world for a range of cultural and medical reasons, with limited consideration as to how 'mode of delivery' may impact on childhood and long-term health. However, babies born particularly by pre-labour caesarean section appear to have a subtly different physiology from those born by normal vaginal delivery, with both acute and chronic complications such as respiratory and cardio-metabolic morbidities being apparent. It has been hypothesized that inherent mechanisms within the process of labour and vaginal delivery, far from being a passive mechanical process by which the fetus and placenta are expelled from the birth canal, may trigger certain protective developmental processes permissive for normal immunological and physiological development of the fetus postnatally. Traditionally the primary candidate mechanism has been the hormonal surges or stress response associated with labour and vaginal delivery, but there is increasing awareness that transfer of the maternal microbiome to the infant during parturition. Transgenerational transmission of disease traits through epigenetics are also likely to be important. Interventions such as probiotics, neonatal gut seeding and different approaches to clinical care have potential to influence parturition physiology and improve outcomes for infants.

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The impact of obstetric mode of delivery on childhood behavior

Cited by 58 publications

References 61 publications

From gut dysbiosis to altered brain function and mental illness: mechanisms and pathways

From gut dysbiosis to altered brain function and mental illness: mechanisms and pathways

The Impact of Cesarean and Vaginal Delivery on Results of Psychological Cognitive Test in 5 Year Old Children

Parturition and the perinatal period: can mode of delivery impact on the future health of the neonate?

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