The impact of obesity and adipokines on breast and gynecologic malignancies

Abstract

The link between obesity and multiple disease comorbidities is well established. In 2003, Calle and colleagues presented the relationship between obesity and several cancer types, including breast, ovarian, and endometrial malignancies. Nearly, 20% of cancer‐related deaths in females can be accounted for by obesity. Identifying obesity as a risk factor for cancer led to a focus on the role of fat‐secreted cytokines, known as adipokines, on carcinogenesis and tumor progression. Early studies indicated that the adipokine leptin increases cell proliferation, invasion, and inhibition of apoptosis in multiple cancer types. As a greater appreciation of the obesity–cancer link has amassed, we now know that additional adipokines can impact tumorigenesis. A deeper understanding of the adipokine‐activated signaling in cancer may identify new treatment strategies irrespective of obesity. Moreover, adipokines may serve as disease biomarkers, harnessing the potential of obesity‐associated factors to serve as indicators of treatment response and disease prognosis. As studies investigating obesity and women's cancers continue to expand, it has become evident that breast, ovarian, and uterine cancers are distinctly impacted by adipokines. While complex, these distinct interactions may provide insight into cancer progression in these organs and new opportunities for targeted therapies. This review aims to organize and present the literature from the last 5 years investigating the mechanisms and implications of adipokine signaling in breast, endometrial, and ovarian cancers with a special focus on leptin and adiponectin.

Obesity and endometrial cancer: the role insulin resistance and adipokines

“…Of note, this condition might play a role also in the pathogenesis of endometrial cancer. Several preclinical studies proposed multiple theories to explain the association between obesity and the pathogenesis of Prostate cancer (Tewari, Vargas, & Reizes, 2022). Epidemiological studies conducted by CDC reported that obesity is on elevation in the US, as the percentage is increased from 30.5% to 41.9% in the last decades (Tzenios, Tazanios, & Chahine, 2022a).…”

Estudos Multidisciplinares Sobre Saúde Da Criança E Do Adolescente

“…A obesidade modifica o status secretor do tecido adiposo, mudando sua homeostase de antiinflamatória para pró-inflamatória, por meio da regulação de adipocinas secretadas (Garcia et al, 2021). As adipocinas também demonstraram promover vias tumorigênicas, incluindo aumento da proliferação de células tumorais e aumento da migração celular (Tewari, 2022).…”

“…As duas adipocinas mais importantes associadas ao desenvolvimento do câncer de mama relacionado à obesidade são a leptina e a adiponectina. A leptina é considerada tanto hormônio quanto adipocina e é produzida e secretada na circulação principalmente pelo tecido adiposo (Tewari, 2022). Os níveis circulantes de leptina comunicam o estado de armazenamento de energia para o cérebro.…”

¿Cáncer y obesidad existe relación?

“…Un tema importante relacionado con la obesidad es el cáncer. Se conocen varios mecanismos que han logrado relacionar la obesidad con el cáncer, unos ejemplos son la resistencia a la insulina, la inflamación crónica de bajo grado, estrés oxidativo y las alteraciones que se pueden presentar en el ambiente tumoral; así como la señalización de adipocinas [2], [3]. Se realizó una búsqueda bibliográfica en las bases de datos científicas World Wide Science, Springer Link, PubMed y Google Scholar utilizando palabras clave como: citocinas inflamatorias, obesidad, cáncer e inflamación.…”