The impact of nutritional status and nutrition supplementation on outcomes along the HIV treatment cascade in the resource-limited setting

Abstract

Nutrition has an important role to play in the current care of HIV-infected individuals and can have an impact on the treatment cascade. Food in security, which may be reversed by the provision of food, is of particular interest as studies suggest associations with multiple outcomes.

Housing Stability and Medication Adherence among HIV-Positive Individuals in Antiretroviral Therapy: A Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies in the United States

“… 1 For economically vulnerable patients, efforts to adhere at high levels must compete with other survival needs, such as access to food and shelter. 2 Arguably, patients who experience homelessness may be particularly disadvantaged with respect to adherence, 3 facing a myriad of interrelated challenges including social isolation, substance use, mental illness, mistrust of the health care system, and inconsistent provider–patient relationships 4 —all of which affect access to services, health trajectories, and outcomes. 5 Over the past 15 years, a body of observational research has investigated the relationship between housing stability and ART adherence.…”

HIV-Infected Children and Nutrition: The Friend and The Foe

“…In case of severe diarrhea often associated with high mortality rates, the provision of suitable feeding protocols is highly recommended. In brief, protocols for appropriate nutrition support therapy for severely malnourished infants below age 6 months are needed [23].…”

“…It is well documented that the availability of highly active antiviral therapy (HAART) for the past two decades or so has decreased remarkably the mortality and morbidity of the disease in both adults and children, thus transforming it into a chronic infections disease [9]. The prognosis of HIV-infected children has markedly improved in the HAART era, both in terms of morbidity and mortality as mentioned earlier, despite the fact the mortality rate in HIV-infected children is still considerably higher than the pediatric general population [9,23].…”

“…In general, protease inhibitors (PI)-based treatments result in decreasing viral load, less resistant mutation, and better growth compared to non-PI-based regimens. Many authors focusing on this issue have reported that the earlier the treatment was initiated in children, the better the nutritional response in weight and height was [2,23]. Malnourished children treated with ART may develop a kwashiorkor-like syndrome of IRIS (immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome) [21].…”

HIV Treatment Cascade by Housing Status at Enrollment: Results from a Retention in Care Cohort

“…Initial estimates of the HIV treatment cascade in the U.S. included all PLWH, but recently researchers have characterized the treatment cascade for various subgroups of PLWH, including children, sex workers, migrant populations, men who have sex with men, transgender women, those involved with the criminal justice system, and a number of other sub-populations (6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23)(24)(25). These subgroup analyses are critical for identifying and understanding disparities in access to HIV care.…”