The Impact of Nonsurgical Periodontal Therapy on Serum Levels of Dickkopf-Related Protein-1 in Smokers and Nonsmokers with Periodontitis: A Prospective Comparative Study

Abstract

This study aimed to evaluate and compare Dickkopf-related protein-1 (DKK1) serum levels and periodontal clinical parameters of smokers and nonsmokers with periodontitis at baseline and after nonsurgical periodontal treatment. Patients and Methods: A prospective comparative study was conducted among 24 patients with periodontitis who were divided according to the smoking habits into two groups: nonsmokers (G1) and smokers (G2). All the participants were assessed clinically by recording the probing depth (PD), clinical attachment loss (CAL), plaque index (PI), and bleeding index (BI), and immunologically by measuring the DKK1 serum levels at baseline and six weeks after nonsurgical periodontal therapy. Results:The two groups showed a significant decrease in PI, BI, and CAL after periodontal therapy (p < 0.05), while PD was significantly reduced in G1 (p = 0.005). The PI mean value was significantly higher at the baseline in G2 versus G1 (p = 0.050), while PD, BI, and CAL values were not significantly different between the groups (p = 0.056, p = 0.241, and p = 0.381, respectively). For DKK1 serum levels, there was a statistically significant decrease after treatment compared to the baseline for both groups (G1: p < 0.001; G2: p < 0.001) but no significant difference before (p = 0.131) and six weeks after treatment (p = 0.334) between the two groups. Conclusion:Although nonsurgical periodontal treatment effectively improved periodontal clinical parameters and reduced DKK1 serum levels, there were no significant differences in the DKK1 serum levels among the smokers and nonsmokers with periodontitis.

Association of Patient Anthropometric Measurements and Dental Implant Treatment

“… 28 As it had been showed improvement in periodontal condition and reduced DKK1 serum levels after in response to effective nonsurgical periodontal treatment. 27 …”

“…26 In the same direction, Azab et al showed a significant increase in the production of "DKK1 mRNA" in chronic periodontitis. 27 In the same direction, Some glycoprotein (RANKL/OPG ratio) that regulates bone metabolism had been also linked with the severity of periodontal disease conditions. 28 As it had been showed improvement in periodontal condition and reduced DKK1 serum levels after in response to effective nonsurgical periodontal treatment.…”

“…28 As it had been showed improvement in periodontal condition and reduced DKK1 serum levels after in response to effective nonsurgical periodontal treatment. 27 However, a balanced and healthy diet has a protective action on periodontal health. Therefore, adopting an accurate lifestyle and healthy diet is essential for healthy periodontal disease.…”