The impact of non-pharmacologic interventions on respiratory syncytial virus hospitalization during the COVID-19 pandemic: A retrospective study from Saudi Arabia

AlBahrani, Salma; Al otaibi, Turki Omaish; Alqahtani, Jaber S.; AlZahrani, Samira Jamaan; Sharbini, Dalal Ahmad; AlMuyidi, Fatimah Waleed; Alotaibi, Abdulaziz Obaid; Olayan, Olayan Abdullah Al; AlMasoud, Suliman Fahad; Bo Obaid, Mohamad Abdullah H.; Altawfiq, Kauthar Jaffar A.; Jebakumar, Arulanantham Zechariah; Al-Tawfiq, Jaffar A.

doi:10.1016/j.jiph.2023.11.010

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Nonetheless, this proportion remains significant, considering that these individuals occupy beds crucially needed for other patients with complex conditions. On the contrary, another study conducted in the Eastern province of Saudi Arabia by AlBahrani et al (2024) reported that (62.7%) of RSV-infected patients did not have other comorbidities [ 25 ]. This is similar to another reported study in Norway by Havdal et al (2021), as they reported (85%) RSV-infection in patients with no pre-existing medical conditions [ 26 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evolving Epidemiology of Pediatric Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) Cases Around COVID-19 Pandemic: Impact and Clinical Insights, Retrospective Cohort Study

Gashgarey,

Alsuhaibani,

Alhuthil

et al. 2024

J Epidemiol Glob Health

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Background The burden of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) in high-risk pediatric patients remains unclear. Therefore, this study aims to characterize pediatric RSV cases from January 2019 to December 2022 and assess the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on RSV burden and RSV-related outcomes. In addition, examining factors influencing RSV-related hospitalization. Methods This is a retrospective study that included pediatric patients (aged 14 and below) who presented at King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre (KFSHRC) in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia with RSV infection identified using real-time reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction assays. Statistical analyses were performed using STATA. Results A total of 885 RSV cases were reported; (56.05%) were males and (43.95%) were females with a median age of 24 months [interquartile range (IQR): 11–60]. 534 (60.34%) required hospitalization. As for RSV seasonality, there was a significant increase in RSV prevalence following the COVID-19 pandemic, escalating from 205 cases in 2019 to 425 cases in 2022. The increase in 2022 was evident in January and persisted from September to December, reaching its peak during the months of October (20.70% − 88 cases) and November (32.00% − 136 cases). About (27.12%) of RSV infected children were medically free patients. Symptomatic patients exhibited various clinical manifestations, with ventilation necessary in (13.11%) of cases. Further analysis revealed significant changes in RSV-related outcomes post-COVID-19, including a decrease in hospitalization rates, an increase in medically free patients, and a lower need for ventilation (p < 0.05). Notably, a significant proportion of RSV admissions occurred within the first 6 months of life, with (77.69%) in the age group of 0 to 5 months. In addition, previous RSV infection, prematurity, low birth weight, renal disease, congenital heart disease, endocrine/metabolic disease, neuro/neuromuscular diseases, and genetic disorders were positively associated with hospitalization (P < 0.05). Interestingly, asthma and bone marrow transplantation were negatively associated with hospitalization (P < 0.05). The mortality rate in this study is (2.37%) (21/885). Conclusion This study provides a comprehensive understanding of the demographic and clinical factors influencing RSV outcomes, highlighting the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and shedding light on potential risk factors for RSV-related hospitalization. The highest prevalence of RSV during (September to January), aligning with global patterns and emphasizing the importance of timing in preventive strategies.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The pinnacle of infection occurred during the months of December and January [ 23 ]. Additionally, according to AlBahrani et al (2024), RSV cases increased from (42 in 2019 to 78 cases in 2022), the greatest number of cases occurred in December 2019 (29, 19.3%), October 2022 (29, 19.3%), and November 2022 (25, 16.7%) [ 25 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolving Epidemiology of Pediatric Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) Cases Around COVID-19 Pandemic: Impact and Clinical Insights, Retrospective Cohort Study

Gashgarey,

Alsuhaibani,

Alhuthil

et al. 2024

J Epidemiol Glob Health

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Dynamic Patterns and Predominance of Respiratory Pathogens Post-COVID-19: Insights from a Two-Year Analysis

AlBahrani,

AlZahrani,

Al-Maqati

et al. 2024

J Epidemiol Glob Health

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Introduction Respiratory tract infections (RTIs) stand out as the most frequent causes leading to visits to the emergency department and hospitalizations. This study aims to assess the types and prevalence of respiratory infections across two years following the end of the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods Patients presenting with an influenza-like illness (ILI) were tested using multiplex RT-PCR (QIAstat-Dx, Qiagen). The multiplexed RT- PCR test detects 21 respiratory viruses and bacteria. Results During the study period, PCR test was done on a total of 1,790 samples were tested, and 712 (40%) were positive for a total of 796 pathogens. The mean age (± SD) of the participants was 20.1 ± 28.4 years in 2022 and 21.9 ± 27.6 years in 2023. Among the detected pathogens, the most prevalent were Rhinovirus/Enterovirus 222 (12.4%), followed by RSV A&B (103 cases, 5.7%), and H1N1 Influenza (77 cases, 4.3%). Additionally, Influenza A/B constituted 172 (9.6%) while parainfluenza constituted (58, 3.2%). SARS-CoV-2 was identified in 3.97% of the samples. Over the two-year period, the monthly pattern of the identified pathogens exhibited fluctuations in the prevalence. Furthermore, variations were observed in the detected pathogens across different age groups. Conclusion In addition to adding significant knowledge to the field of respiratory viral infections, this study emphasizes the necessity of ongoing research and surveillance for the detection and characterization of respiratory viruses, particularly those with the potential for emergence. Such studies would also require setting up a strategy for genotyping and/or sequencing of viruses.

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Laboratory testing efficiency during the COVID pandemic: Findings from the Primary Health Care Corporation laboratories in the State of Qatar

Awwad,

Al-Hamdani,

Abdallah

et al. 2024

Journal of Infection and Public Health

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The impact of non-pharmacologic interventions on respiratory syncytial virus hospitalization during the COVID-19 pandemic: A retrospective study from Saudi Arabia

Cited by 4 publications

References 35 publications

Evolving Epidemiology of Pediatric Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) Cases Around COVID-19 Pandemic: Impact and Clinical Insights, Retrospective Cohort Study

Evolving Epidemiology of Pediatric Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) Cases Around COVID-19 Pandemic: Impact and Clinical Insights, Retrospective Cohort Study

Dynamic Patterns and Predominance of Respiratory Pathogens Post-COVID-19: Insights from a Two-Year Analysis

Laboratory testing efficiency during the COVID pandemic: Findings from the Primary Health Care Corporation laboratories in the State of Qatar

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