The impact of nitrogen deposition on acid grasslands in the Atlantic region of Europe

Stevens, Carly J.; Dupré, Cecilia; Dorland, Edu; Gaudnik, Cassandre; Gowing, David; Bleeker, A.; Diekmann, Martin; Alard, Didier; Bobbink, Roland; Fowler, D.; Corcket, Emmanuel; Mountford, J. O.; Vandvik, Vigdis; Aarrestad, Per Arild; Muller, Serge; Dise, Nancy B.

doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2010.11.026

Cited by 74 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…Regional changes in biodiversity as a consequence of N r deposition have been observed across Europe [12,51], and it is likely that the other major regions of enhanced N r deposition will show similar trends. The primary productivity of these ecosystems may also be changing as many semi-natural ecosystems are nitrogen limited.…”

Section: Ii) Terrestrial Ecosystemsmentioning

confidence: 97%

The global nitrogen cycle in the twenty-first century

Fowler

Coyle

Skiba

et al. 2013

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

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1,353

952

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Global nitrogen fixation contributes 413 Tg of reactive nitrogen (N r ) to terrestrial and marine ecosystems annually of which anthropogenic activities are responsible for half, 210 Tg N. The majority of the transformations of anthropogenic N r are on land (240 Tg N yr −1 ) within soils and vegetation where reduced N r contributes most of the input through the use of fertilizer nitrogen in agriculture. Leakages from the use of fertilizer N r contribute to nitrate (NO 3 − ) in drainage waters from agricultural land and emissions of trace N r compounds to the atmosphere. Emissions, mainly of ammonia (NH 3 ) from land together with combustion related emissions of nitrogen oxides (NO x ), contribute 100 Tg N yr −1 to the atmosphere, which are transported between countries and processed within the atmosphere, generating secondary pollutants, including ozone and other photochemical oxidants and aerosols, especially ammonium nitrate (NH 4 NO 3 ) and ammonium sulfate (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 . Leaching and riverine transport of NO 3 contribute 40–70 Tg N yr −1 to coastal waters and the open ocean, which together with the 30 Tg input to oceans from atmospheric deposition combine with marine biological nitrogen fixation (140 Tg N yr −1 ) to double the ocean processing of N r . Some of the marine N r is buried in sediments, the remainder being denitrified back to the atmosphere as N 2 or N 2 O. The marine processing is of a similar magnitude to that in terrestrial soils and vegetation, but has a larger fraction of natural origin. The lifetime of N r in the atmosphere, with the exception of N 2 O, is only a few weeks, while in terrestrial ecosystems, with the exception of peatlands (where it can be 10 2 –10 3 years), the lifetime is a few decades. In the ocean, the lifetime of N r is less well known but seems to be longer than in terrestrial ecosystems and may represent an important long-term source of N 2 O that will respond very slowly to control measures on the sources of N r from which it is produced.

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Section: Ii) Terrestrial Ecosystemsmentioning

confidence: 97%

The global nitrogen cycle in the twenty-first century

Fowler

Coyle

Skiba

et al. 2013

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

Self Cite

1,353

952

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show abstract

“…The effects of N deposition on P limitation in areas with very N-poor soils can remain undetected, as in forests of the northeastern United States (Finzi, 2009;Groffman and Fisk, 2011) and some areas of Europe (Binkley and Högberg, 1997;Stevens et al, 2011). In these situations, an increase in C-N ratios in litter and soil can be observed (Jones et al, 2004;Stevens et al, 2011).…”

Section: Effects On the Availability And Stoichiometry Of Soil Nutrientsmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Increases in the P cycle in soil (Marklein and Houlton, 2012) and the uptake of P by plants, although generally insufficient to prevent the rise of plant and soil N-P ratios, can contribute to the retention of P in the ecosystem (Perring et al, 2008). The effects of N deposition on P limitation in areas with very N-poor soils can remain undetected, as in forests of the northeastern United States (Finzi, 2009;Groffman and Fisk, 2011) and some areas of Europe (Binkley and Högberg, 1997;Stevens et al, 2011). In these situations, an increase in C-N ratios in litter and soil can be observed (Jones et al, 2004;Stevens et al, 2011).…”

Section: Effects On the Availability And Stoichiometry Of Soil Nutrientsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Plants in the Effects of Global Change on Nutrient Availability and Stoichiometry in the Plant-Soil System

2012

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“…Hence, flooding events pose a contamination risk, which needs to be taken into account when evaluating possible land use alternatives for some parcels. In an ongoing effort to counteract atmospheric nitrogen deposition (Stevens et al, 2011), semi-natural grassland management in Flanders has to deplete nutrient stocks (Oelmann et al, 2009). Consequently, seminatural grassland management typically produces biomass waste streams from mowing and haymaking.…”

Section: Case Farm Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Revisiting production and ecosystem services on the farm scale for evaluating land use alternatives

Lerouge

Sannen²,

Gulinck

et al. 2016

Environmental Science & Policy

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Land is a scarce resource and should be used in such a way that the increasing global demand for food and feed can be fulfilled, while ensuring sufficient levels of ecosystem services. While the demand on open space to deliver a multitude of services is increasing, drivers like global change and urbanization are undermining these services. Decision makers, from individual farmers to spatial planners, are in need of appropriate diagnostic tools to estimate trade-offs and synergies associated with land allocation and land use intensity decisions. This often implies trade-offs between food and biomass production and other non-provisioning ecosystem services. This paper presents an assessment on the farm scale using an integrated approach that combines spatial and economic analyses. It relies on the ecosystem services concept to evaluate land use alternatives. The analysis highlights current challenges to reach a societal optimal land allocation. INTRODUCTIONPopulation pressure results in an increasing demand for food and bio-energy products and hence also in an increasing demand for agricultural land (Meyfroidt et al., 2013;Tscharntke et al., 2012). This demand is in competition with the additional demand for land for residential, conservation, forestry, recreational, and other purposes (Zasada, 2011). With land as an increasingly scarce resource, spatial planners seek to balance land use allocation among competing stakeholders. This has led to a polarization in land use policies between demands for expanding urbanized fabric and the remaining open space used for agriculture, whilst natural areas are largely pushed back to relatively small and fragmented relics. Spatial planning has mainly focused on allocation of land to space demanding sectors and minimizing spatial conflicts. This approach falls short in considering present-day demands for multifunctionality, sustainability, ecosystem services, resilience and adaptive governance. While an integrative and spatially explicit approach to land allocation is highly needed, it is largely missing (Bomans et al., 2010b;Termorshuizen and Opdam, 2009). Particularly in strongly urbanized regions, the relation between the availability and use of space, and the potential services this space is able to provide to society, needs to be explored further. Increasing service delivery per unit of space can allow a decreasing spatial requirement for delivering this service, and hence, freeing space for other services. Fragmented peri-urban landscapes in particular, where interfaces between different forms of land use and associated actors are plenty, are in need of innovative concepts for land use allocation. Meanwhile, concepts of multifunctionality and ecosystem services already bridge the distinction between classical sectors like agriculture, nature and forestry. In the light of food and biomass production, the principal challenge is to simultaneously assess and maximize production as well as the other ES provided by bioproductive land (Balmford et al., 2012) which inevi...

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The impact of nitrogen deposition on acid grasslands in the Atlantic region of Europe

Cited by 74 publications

References 53 publications

The global nitrogen cycle in the twenty-first century

The global nitrogen cycle in the twenty-first century

The Role of Plants in the Effects of Global Change on Nutrient Availability and Stoichiometry in the Plant-Soil System

Revisiting production and ecosystem services on the farm scale for evaluating land use alternatives

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