The impact of natural resources, human capital, and foreign direct investment on the ecological footprint: The case of the United States

Zafar, Muhammad Wasif; Zaidi, Syed Anees Haider; Khan, Naveed R.; Mirza, Faisal Mehmood; Hou, Fujun; Kirmani, Syed Ali Ashiq

doi:10.1016/j.resourpol.2019.101428

Cited by 574 publications

(311 citation statements)

References 86 publications

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“…The estimates for economic growth indicate that the effect of positive shocks to economic growth improves environmental quality in the long run. This long-run impact of economic growth is supported by the study by Zafar et al (2019) and Tahir et al (2020). The coefficient suggests that 1% increase in economic growth enhances environmental sustainability by 8.886%.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 78%

Asymmetric effects of energy consumption and economic growth on ecological footprint: new evidence from Pakistan

Majeed

Tauqir

Mazhar

et al. 2021

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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This study explores the asymmetric effects of both aggregate and disaggregate forms of energy consumption along with economic growth on environmental quality for Pakistan covering the period from 1971 to 2014. We have employed unit root test with breaks for stationary checks, BDS test for nonlinearity check and nonlinear autoregressive distributed lag (NARDL) approach for assessing the asymmetric co-integrating relationships among the variables by decomposing them into positive and negative shocks. The empirical findings for aggregate consumption reveal that only negative shocks have a significant impact on ecological footprint. Similarly, different sources of energy consumption have diverse asymmetric effects on ecological footprint. The positive (negative) shocks to oil and gas consumption increase (decrease) ecological footprint. Thus, an increase in oil consumption has a deteriorating impact on environmental quality while a decrease in gas consumption has a favorable impact on environmental quality. The asymmetric relationships also hold between coal consumption, electricity consumption, and ecological footprint. The positive shocks to coal and electricity consumption are negatively related with environmental quality while negative shocks are positively related with environmental quality.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 78%

Asymmetric effects of energy consumption and economic growth on ecological footprint: new evidence from Pakistan

Majeed

Tauqir

Mazhar

et al. 2021

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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“…Thus, restricting inflows of such dirty FDI and simultaneously reducing the EF is critically important for these nations. Zafar et al [90] reported similar feedback causations between FDI inflows and EF in the United States context. On the other hand, no causal association between financial development and EF could be statistically established in this study.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 84%

Renewable Energy Use and Ecological Footprints Mitigation: Evidence from Selected South Asian Economies

et al. 2021

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Fossil fuel-dependency has induced a trade-off between economic growth and environmental degradation across the developing nations in particular. Against this backdrop, this study aims to evaluate the impacts of renewable energy use on the ecological footprints in the context of four South Asian fossil fuel-dependent nations: Bangladesh, India, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka. The econometric analysis involves the use of recently developed methods that account for cross-sectional dependency, slope heterogeneity, and structural break issues in the data. The results reveal that renewable energy consumption reduces the ecological footprints while nonrenewable energy use boosts the ecological footprints. The results also confirm the validity of the environmental Kuznets curve and pollution haven hypotheses for the panel of the South Asian nations. Besides, foreign direct investment inflows are found to degrade the environment while higher institutional quality improves it. Furthermore, unidirectional causalities are run from overall energy use, economic growth, and institutional quality to ecological footprints. At the same time, bidirectional associations between foreign direct investment inflows and ecological footprints are also ascertained. The overall findings highlight the pertinence of reducing fossil fuel-dependency, enhancing economic growth, restricting dirty foreign direct investment inflows, and improving institutional quality to ensure environmental sustainability across South Asia.

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“…5 examined that total natural resource sectors increase environmental pollution in Russia and effect environmental degradation in South Africa furthermore total natural resource rents confirm the existence of EKC in BRICS. On the contrary results 6 ; suggested that natural resources and human capital improve environmental sustainability in the USA, but energy consumption affects environmental degradation. Considering different proxies for Pakistan 3 investigated that globalization improves the natural resources but ecological footprint effect the country natural resource.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…5 analyzed that natural resources are responsible to increase environmental pollution, while some empirical studies are opposite the above arguments. 6,7 The above-mentioned studies on nexus between natural resources and environmental degradation are insufficient and require more research towards a reasonable situation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mitigation pathways impact of climate change and improving sustainable development: The roles of natural resources, income, and CO₂ emission

Hassan

Xia

Lee

2020

Energy & Environment

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Climate change is an obstacle in the path of sustainable economic development. One of the key findings in the economics literature is that the use of natural resources contributes to real income per capita. However, its environmental consequences should not be ignored. This paper examines the nexus among CO2 emission, real income, and natural resources, by incorporating urbanization, and trade in Pakistan from 1971 to 2017. The Auto-Regressive Distributive Lag (ARDL) and Vector Error Correction (VECM) models are used for analyzing time-series data. The empirical findings infer that the use of natural resources accelerates the rate of CO2 emission in Pakistan which worsens environmental quality. In addition, the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) is confirmed in the presence of natural resource use. Besides, urbanization improves environmental quality through mitigating the level of CO2 emission. Moreover, the feedback hypothesis is found between the use of natural resources and CO2 emission. Additionally, bidirectional causality is found between urbanization and the use of natural resources. Overall, this study supports formulating new policies to overcome environmental degradation through energy-saving technologies.

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The impact of natural resources, human capital, and foreign direct investment on the ecological footprint: The case of the United States

Cited by 574 publications

References 86 publications

Asymmetric effects of energy consumption and economic growth on ecological footprint: new evidence from Pakistan

Asymmetric effects of energy consumption and economic growth on ecological footprint: new evidence from Pakistan

Renewable Energy Use and Ecological Footprints Mitigation: Evidence from Selected South Asian Economies

Mitigation pathways impact of climate change and improving sustainable development: The roles of natural resources, income, and CO₂ emission

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The impact of natural resources, human capital, and foreign direct investment on the ecological footprint: The case of the United States

Cited by 574 publications

References 86 publications

Asymmetric effects of energy consumption and economic growth on ecological footprint: new evidence from Pakistan

Asymmetric effects of energy consumption and economic growth on ecological footprint: new evidence from Pakistan

Renewable Energy Use and Ecological Footprints Mitigation: Evidence from Selected South Asian Economies

Mitigation pathways impact of climate change and improving sustainable development: The roles of natural resources, income, and CO2 emission

Contact Info

Product

Resources

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Mitigation pathways impact of climate change and improving sustainable development: The roles of natural resources, income, and CO₂ emission