The Impact of Natural Products on Drug Discovery

Grabley, Susanne; Thiericke, Ralf

doi:10.1007/978-3-642-60250-4_1

Cited by 47 publications

(58 citation statements)

References 122 publications

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“…Medicinal plants are natural resources, yielding valuable herbal products which are often used in the treatment of various ailments (Grabley and Thiericke, 1999). Liquidambar species belong to the family of Hamamelidacea.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Antimicrobial Activity of <i>Aliquidambar orientalis</i> mill. Against Food Pathogens and Antioxidant Capacity of Leaf Extracts

Ökmen¹,

Türkcan²,

Ceylan³

et al. 2014

Afr. J. Trad. Compl. Alt. Med.

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Background: Medicinal plants are an important source of substances which are claimed to induce antimicrobial, antimutagenic and antioxidant effects. Many plants have been used due to their antimicrobial treatments. Antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of L. orientalis have not been reported to the present day. The aim of this work was to investigate of the antimicrobial and antioxidant potentials of different extracts from L. orientalis. Materials and Methods: The extracts were screened for antimicrobial activity against different food pathogens. These bacteria include 4 Gram positive and 3 Gram negative bacteria and one fungi. The leaf extracts of plant were tested by disc diffusion assay. The MIC was evaluated on plant extracts as antimicrobial activity. In addition to, the plant extracts were tested against the stable DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazylhydrate) free-radical. Results: The acetone, ethanol and methanol extracts of L. orientalis showed maximum inhibition zone of 12 mm against Yersinia enterocolitica, Listeria monocytogenes and Staphylococcus aureus. In addition to, the methanol extract displayed a strong antioxidant activity (trolox equivalent = 2.23 mM). Conclusion: L. orientalis extracts have antimicrobial, and antioxidant potential. Our results support the use of this plant in traditional medicine and suggest that some of the plant extracts possess compounds with good antibacterial properties that can be used as antibacterial agents in the search for new drugs.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Antimicrobial Activity of <i>Aliquidambar orientalis</i> mill. Against Food Pathogens and Antioxidant Capacity of Leaf Extracts

Ökmen¹,

Türkcan²,

Ceylan³

et al. 2014

Afr. J. Trad. Compl. Alt. Med.

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“…Prokaryotes continue to provide important leads in the search for medically important bioactive natural products (1,11). In particular, the myxobacteria have emerged as a promising source of natural products that exhibit highly diverse structures and biological activities (9).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Discovering the Hidden Secondary Metabolome of Myxococcus xanthus : a Study of Intraspecific Diversity

Krug

Zurek

Revermann

et al. 2008

Appl Environ Microbiol

138

123

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As a monophyletic group, the myxobacteria are known to produce a broad spectrum of secondary metabolites. However, the degree of metabolic diversity that can be found within a single species remains unexplored. The model species Myxococcus xanthus produces several metabolites also present in other myxobacterial species, but only one compound unique to M. xanthus has been found to date. Here, we compare the metabolite profiles of 98 M. xanthus strains that originate from 78 locations worldwide and include 20 centimeter-scale isolates from one location. This screen reveals a strikingly high level of intraspecific diversity in the M. xanthus secondary metabolome. The identification of 37 nonubiquitous candidate compounds greatly exceeds the small number of secondary metabolites previously known to derive from this species. These results suggest that M. xanthus may be a promising source of future natural products and that thorough intraspecific screens of other species could reveal many new compounds of interest.Prokaryotes continue to provide important leads in the search for medically important bioactive natural products (1, 11). In particular, the myxobacteria have emerged as a promising source of natural products that exhibit highly diverse structures and biological activities (9). While most myxobacterial genera produce secondary metabolites, difficulties with cultivation and genetic manipulation hinder exploitation of the biosynthetic potential of many species. In contrast, the relatively fast growth and extensive genetic characterization of Myxococcus xanthus make the identification of natural products in this model species of particular interest.Myxococcus xanthus has been thoroughly investigated due to its amazing social behaviors, which include coordinated swarming over surfaces and a complex life cycle that culminates in the formation of multicellular fruiting bodies under starvation conditions (23). However, little attention has been paid to secondary metabolite production in this model species. M. xanthus strain DK1622 is the genotype most commonly studied with respect to social interactions and development. This strain has been found to produce several secondary metabolites, including the myxochromids (27), myxalamids (13), the antibiotic myxovirescin (8), and the siderophore myxochelin (15) (Fig. 1A). The molecular basis of synthesis for these compounds has been studied in some detail (25,26,30) and has been greatly facilitated by the availability of the DK1622 genome sequence (10). Very recently, a novel secondary metabolite class unique to M. xanthus, the DKxanthenes, was characterized and was shown to be essential for viable-spore formation (18). Additional reports of secondary metabolites from M. xanthus are limited to cittilin (20) and the antibiotics saframycin (12) and althiomycin (16).Most of these M. xanthus compounds are polyketides or nonribosomal peptides or hybrids thereof, and their biosynthesis is accomplished by large multienzyme complexes, the polyketide synthases (PKSs) or the nonri...

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“…It was believed for a long time that it is very difficult to cultivate myxobacteria in liquid media and that these organisms are somewhat problematic with regard to their axenic growth in general (Reichenbach et al 1993). The breakthrough in discovering antibiotic substances from myxobacteria happened in 1977 by elucidation of the complete chemical structure of the potent antifungal secondary metabolite ambruticin, produced by Sorangium cellulosum (Connor et al 1977;Ringel et al 1977 can be attributed to microbial products (Grabley and Thiericke 1999, Schreurs et al 2009, Berod et al 2014. A molecule with biological effects can also work as a model for a synthetic production to get a higher output under better economic conditions (Reichenbach et al 1993).…”

Section: Pharmaceutically Important Secondary Metabolitesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Actinobacteria and Myxobacteria—Two of the Most Important Bacterial Resources for Novel Antibiotics

Landwehr

Wolf

Wink

2016

Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology

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The Impact of Natural Products on Drug Discovery

Cited by 47 publications

References 122 publications

The Antimicrobial Activity of <i>Aliquidambar orientalis</i> mill. Against Food Pathogens and Antioxidant Capacity of Leaf Extracts

The Antimicrobial Activity of <i>Aliquidambar orientalis</i> mill. Against Food Pathogens and Antioxidant Capacity of Leaf Extracts

Discovering the Hidden Secondary Metabolome of Myxococcus xanthus : a Study of Intraspecific Diversity

Actinobacteria and Myxobacteria—Two of the Most Important Bacterial Resources for Novel Antibiotics

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