The impact of multiple sclerosis on patients’ performance on the Stroop Test: Processing speed versus interference

Denney, Douglas R.; Lynch, Sharon G.

doi:10.1017/s1355617709090730

Cited by 74 publications

(76 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…The Stroop task was chosen because previous studies had identified that people with MS exhibit delayed Stroop responses compared to subjects without MS, even in mild stages of the disease [28][29][30][31][32]. These other studies, however, generally employed a more complex visual color-word paradigm with more than two response choices, whereas our study employed a twochoice auditory Stroop paradigm.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of dual tasking on the postural performance of people with and without multiple sclerosis: a pilot study

Jacobs

Kasser

2011

J Neurol

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People with multiple sclerosis (MS) exhibit both cognitive and postural impairments. This study examined the effects of MS and of dual tasking on postural performance, and explored associations among dual-task postural performance, cognitive capacity, fear of falling, and fatigue. Thirteen subjects with MS (Expanded Disability Status Scale: 0-4.5) and 13 matched subjects without MS performed three tasks of standing postural control, with and without dual tasking amid an auditory Stroop task: (1) step initiation, (2) forward leaning to the limits of stability, and (3) postural responses to rotations of the support surface. Two-factor general linear models were used to evaluate differences between the groups (with or without MS) and two conditions (single or dual tasking) for each postural task. During step initiation, dual tasking significantly delayed the onset of the anticipatory postural adjustment (APA) more for the subjects with MS than for those without MS, and step lengths increased for the subjects with MS but decreased for those without MS. No other significant group-by-condition interactions were evident on the recorded variables of stepping, leaning, postural responses, or Stroop-response accuracies and latencies. The scores for the subjects with MS on the Modified Fatigue Impact Scale significantly associated with the change between single-task to dual-task conditions in APA onset and foot-lift onset during step initiation as well as in lean position variability and lean onset times during forward leaning. The results suggest dual-task effects were more evident during step initiation and are associated with levels of fatigue for subjects with MS.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of dual tasking on the postural performance of people with and without multiple sclerosis: a pilot study

Jacobs

Kasser

2011

J Neurol

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“…), we created a processing speed variable for each of the two tests, Color-Word Interference and Trail-Making (henceforth abbreviated as PS CW and PS TMT , respectively). To create PS CW , the Word-Reading and Color-Naming subtest scores of Color Word Interference Task were combined, as has been done previously (Denney & Lynch, 2009). To create PS TMT , the Number-Sequencing and Letter-Sequencing sub-test scores of the Trail-Making Task were combined.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The relationship between executive functioning, processing speed, and white matter integrity in multiple sclerosis

Genova

DeLuca

Chiaravalloti

et al. 2013

Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology

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The primary purpose of the current study was to examine the relationship between performance on executive tasks and white matter integrity, assessed by diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) in Multiple Sclerosis (MS). A second aim was to examine how processing speed affects the relationship between executive functioning and FA. This relationship was examined in two executive tasks that rely heavily on processing speed: the Color-Word Interference Test and Trail-Making Test (Delis-Kaplan Executive Function System). It was hypothesized that reduced fractional anisotropy (FA) is related to poor performance on executive tasks in MS, but that this relationship would be affected by the statistical correction of processing speed from the executive tasks. 15 healthy controls and 25 persons with MS participated. Regression analyses were used to examine the relationship between executive functioning and FA, both before and after processing speed was removed from the executive scores. Before processing speed was removed from the executive scores, reduced FA was associated with poor performance on Color-Word Interference Test and Trail-Making Test in a diffuse network including corpus callosum and superior longitudinal fasciculus. However, once processing speed was removed, the relationship between executive functions and FA was no longer significant on the Trail Making test, and significantly reduced and more localized on the Color-Word Interference Test.

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“…The Stroop Test is a measure of speed information processing and response inhibition [97]. A series of colored XXX and color words printed in black are presented on a computer screen.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Brain function predictors and outcome of weight loss and weight loss maintenance

Szabo-Reed

Breslin

Lynch

et al. 2015

Contemporary Clinical Trials

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Obesity rates are associated with public health consequences and rising health care costs. Weight loss interventions, while effective, do not work for everyone, and weight regain is a significant problem. Eating behavior is influenced by a convergence of processes in the brain, including homeostatic factors and motivational processing that are important contributors to overeating. Initial neuroimaging studies have identified brain regions that respond differently to visual food cues in obese and healthy weight individuals that are positively correlated with reports of hunger in obese participants. While these findings provide mechanisms of overeating, many important questions remain. It is not known whether brain activation patterns change after weight loss, or if they change differentially based on amount of weight lost. Also, little is understood regarding biological processes that contribute to long-term weight maintenance. This study will use neuroimaging in participants while viewing food and non-food images. Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging will take place before and after completion of a twelve-week weight loss intervention. Obese participants will be followed though a 6-month maintenance period. The study will address three aims: 1. Characterize brain activation underlying food motivation and impulsive behaviors in obese individuals. 2. Identify brain activation changes and predictors of weight loss. 3. Identify brain activation predictors of weight loss maintenance. Findings from this study will have implications for understanding mechanisms of obesity, weight loss, and weight maintenance. Results will be significant to public health and could lead to a better understanding of how differences in brain activation relate to obesity.

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The impact of multiple sclerosis on patients’ performance on the Stroop Test: Processing speed versus interference

Cited by 74 publications

References 40 publications

Effects of dual tasking on the postural performance of people with and without multiple sclerosis: a pilot study

Effects of dual tasking on the postural performance of people with and without multiple sclerosis: a pilot study

The relationship between executive functioning, processing speed, and white matter integrity in multiple sclerosis

Brain function predictors and outcome of weight loss and weight loss maintenance

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