The impact of motivationally neutral cues on psychopathic individuals: Assessing the generality of the response modulation hypothesis.

Newman, Joseph P.; Schmitt, William; Voss, William D.

doi:10.1037/0021-843x.106.4.563

Cited by 195 publications

(220 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…Response modulation is defined as a "rapid and relatively automatic (i.e. non-effortful or involuntary) shift of attention from the effortful organisation and implementation of goal-directed behaviour to its evaluation" [46,48,53]. The suggestion is that dysfunction in this system results in a failure to give sufficient consideration to potentially relevant peripheral information when engaging in goal-directed behaviour.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risky decisions and response reversal: is there evidence of orbitofrontal cortex dysfunction in psychopathic individuals?

et al. 2002

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This study investigates the performance of psychopathic individuals on tasks believed to be sensitive to dorsolateral prefrontal and orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) functioning. Psychopathic and non-psychopathic individuals, as defined by the Hare psychopathy checklist revised (PCL-R) [Hare, The Hare psychopathy checklist revised, Toronto, Ontario: Multi-Health Systems, 1991] completed a gambling task [Cognition 50 (1994) 7] and the intradimensional/extradimensional (ID/ED) shift task [Nature 380 (1996) 69]. On the gambling task, psychopathic participants showed a global tendency to choose disadvantageously. Specifically, they showed an impaired ability to show learning over the course of the task. On the ID/ED task, the performance of psychopathic individuals was not significantly different from incarcerated controls on attentional set-shifting, but significant impairments were found on response reversal. These results are interpreted with reference to an OFC and amygdala dysfunction explanation of psychopathy. Crown

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risky decisions and response reversal: is there evidence of orbitofrontal cortex dysfunction in psychopathic individuals?

et al. 2002

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“…Relative to primary, secondary psychopaths manifest more features of psychopathology, including anxiety and mood disorders [68], and fewer affective deficits [30]. Similarly, Newman and his colleagues have often argued that psychopathic individuals characterized by a lack of anxiety or negative affectivity exhibit cognitive deficits and other anomalies that psychopathic individuals with these traits do not [49,50]. They have theorized that primary and secondary psychopathy may differ in etiology with the former arising from a constitutional or genetic disposition, and the latter as a manifestation of environmental influences (e.g.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Examining relations between psychopathology and psychopathy dimensions among adolescent female and male offenders

Sevecke

Lehmkuhl

Krischer

2008

Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry

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Aim: This study was performed to investigate relations between psychopathology and psychopathy in adolescent female and male detainees. Method: We examined 91 male and 123 female adolescent detainees (aged 14–19) for psychopathology -using the Youth Self Report, the Overt Aggression Scale-Modified and a Conduct Disorder Self Report Scale- and for psychopathic dimensions using the psychopathy checklist youth version (PCL:YV). Based on a linear regression analysis we compared the specific associations between psychopathology and psychopathy in both male and female delinquent juveniles. Results: Our results revealed higher scores for externalizing behavior and psychopathic dimensions in delinquent males, and higher internalizing problem scores in delinquent females. Furthermore, we found a positive relationship between suicidal behavior and the psychopathy total score as well as the affective, the lifestyle and the antisocial dimension only in girls. No association was found for suicidal behavior in boys. Regarding anxious-depressive behavior, we found a negative relation to the psychopathy total score and to the affective psychopathy factor for the boys. Conclusion: Expectedly, the population of incarcerated adolescents exhibited a high prevalence of psychopathology. At the same time our results referred to meaningful gender-related differences with respect to associations with psychopathy. The gender-related differences in psychopathological symptoms could indicate varied subtypes of psychopathy in boys and girls

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“…That is, patients with medial temporal lobe damage and criminal psychopaths are not impaired in performing oddball tasks. Indeed, some data suggest that a lack of automatic orienting to salient stimuli may lead psychopaths to perform better than nonpsychopaths (Newman et al, 1997). More studies are needed to examine the functional (and behavioral) significance of these orienting processes in psychopaths.…”

Section: Attention and Orienting Processes In Psychopathsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A cognitive neuroscience perspective on psychopathy: Evidence for paralimbic system dysfunction

Kiehl

2006

Psychiatry Research

456

398

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Psychopathy is a complex personality disorder that includes interpersonal and affective traits such as glibness, lack of empathy, guilt or remorse, shallow affect, and irresponsibility, and behavioral characteristics such as impulsivity, poor behavioral control, and promiscuity. Much is known about the assessment of psychopathy; however, relatively little is understood about the relevant brain disturbances. The present review integrates data from studies of behavioral and cognitive changes associated with focal brain lesions or insults and results from psychophysiology, cognitive psychology and cognitive and affective neuroscience in health and psychopathy. The review illustrates that the brain regions implicated in psychopathy include the orbital frontal cortex, insula, anterior and posterior cingulate, amygdala, parahippocampal gyrus, and anterior superior temporal gyrus. The relevant functional neuroanatomy of psychopathy thus includes limbic and paralimbic structures that may be collectively termed 'the paralimbic system'. The paralimbic system dysfunction model of psychopathy is discussed as it relates to the extant literature on psychopathy.

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The impact of motivationally neutral cues on psychopathic individuals: Assessing the generality of the response modulation hypothesis.

Cited by 195 publications

References 47 publications

Risky decisions and response reversal: is there evidence of orbitofrontal cortex dysfunction in psychopathic individuals?

Risky decisions and response reversal: is there evidence of orbitofrontal cortex dysfunction in psychopathic individuals?

Examining relations between psychopathology and psychopathy dimensions among adolescent female and male offenders

A cognitive neuroscience perspective on psychopathy: Evidence for paralimbic system dysfunction

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