The Impact of Moss Species and Biomass on the Growth  of Pinus sylvestris Tree Seedlings at Different  Precipitation Frequencies

Stuiver, Babs M.; Wardle, David A.; Gundale, Michael J.; Nilsson, Marie‐Charlotte

doi:10.3390/f5081931

Cited by 38 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…For example, Stuiver et al . () found that at 16 °C, H. splendens had a stronger negative effect on P. sylvestris seedlings than did two other moss species, which was attributed its greater competitiveness for light. This contrasts to the generally neutral or positive bryophyte effects found here and in other studies from tree line and Antarctic systems (Wheeler, Hermanutz & Marino ; Casanova‐Katny & Cavieres ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…As bryophytes have no roots, cutting does not affect their performance and this pre‐treatment has successfully been applied before (Stuiver et al . ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…; Stuiver et al . ). These studies have focused either on seedling survival only or on responses to bryophytes at temperatures that are higher than what is found at the alpine tree line.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…; Stuiver et al . ), protect seedlings from solar radiation and extreme soil temperatures (Gornall et al . ; Yin, Liu & Lai ; Soudzilovskaia, van Bodegom & Cornelissen ), or impact on water availability (Elumeeva et al .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Bryophyte traits explain climate‐warming effects on tree seedling establishment

et al. 2016

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Summary Above the alpine tree line, bryophytes cover much of the tundra soil surface in dense, often monospecific carpets. Therefore, when climate warming enables tree seedling establishment above the tree line, interaction with the bryophyte layer is inevitable. Bryophytes are known to modify their environment in various ways. However, little is known about to which extent and by which mechanisms bryophytes affect the response of tree seedlings to climate warming. We aimed to assess and understand the importance of bryophyte species identity and traits for tree seedling performance at tree line temperatures and their response to warmer conditions. Seedlings of two common, tree line‐forming tree species (Betula pubescens and Pinus sylvestris) were planted into intact cushions of eight common tundra bryophyte species and bryophyte‐free soil and grown for 18 weeks at current (7·0 °C) and near‐future (30–50 years; 9·2 °C) tree line average growing‐season temperatures. Seedling performance (biomass increase and N‐uptake) was measured and related to bryophyte species identity and traits indicative of their impact on the environment. Tree seedlings performed equally well or better in the presence of bryophytes than in bryophyte‐free soil, which contrasts to their usually negative effects in milder climates. In addition, seedling performance and their response to higher temperatures depended on bryophyte species and seedlings of both species grew largest in the pan‐boreal and subarctic bryophyte Hylocomium splendens. However, B. pubescens seedlings showed much stronger responses to higher temperatures when grown in bryophytes than in bryophyte‐free soil, while the opposite was true for P. sylvestris seedlings. For B. pubescens, but not for P. sylvestris, available organic nitrogen of the bryophyte species was the trait that best predicted seedling responses to higher temperatures, likely because these seedlings had increased N‐demands. Synthesis. Climatically driven changes in bryophyte species distribution may not only have knock‐on effects on vascular plant establishment, but temperature effects on seedling performance are themselves moderated by bryophytes in a species‐specific way. Bryophyte traits can serve as a useful tool for understanding and predicting these complex interactions.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…As bryophytes have no roots, cutting does not affect their performance and this pre‐treatment has successfully been applied before (Stuiver et al . ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…; Stuiver et al . ). These studies have focused either on seedling survival only or on responses to bryophytes at temperatures that are higher than what is found at the alpine tree line.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Bryophyte traits explain climate‐warming effects on tree seedling establishment

et al. 2016

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“…Moss species are adapted to shady conditions and are sensitive to desiccation (Stuiver et al 2014), which resulted in better growth under the pine canopy compared with the cleared areas. The lowest moss cover was measured in the severely disturbed stand without salvage logging.…”

Section: Ground Cover By Mosses Herbs and Regenerationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Forest regeneration in northeastern Poland following a catastrophic blowdown

Dobrowolska

2015

Can. J. For. Res.

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The aims of the investigation were to (i) quantify the changes in natural regeneration and stand structure, (ii) determine the role of deadwood in the process of regeneration following the disturbance, and (iii) determine the effect of disturbance severity on tree recruitment. The study was conducted in the Szast Protected Forest, which was established after a blowdown in 2002. The results showed that the trees were mainly wind-snapped. The basal area of the slightly disturbed stands increased over time. Herb cover increased, whereas moss cover decreased in 2011. The disturbance severity influenced the density of tree species regeneration, moss and herb ground cover, species diversity, average tree height, tree vitality, and damage caused by herbivores. The density of natural regeneration increased and new species became established after the disturbance. Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) was the dominant tree species during the regeneration process except in the severely disturbed stand from which wood had been removed; in this case, birch was the dominant species. Wind disturbance increased species diversity and created a new forest with a particular species structure and trees that varied in age and height. The results of this study will be useful for foresters and policymakers to change the existing approaches to large-scale disturbances in the Polish forests.Résumé : Les objectifs de l'enquête étaient (i) de quantifier les changements dans la régénération naturelle et la structure des peuplements, (ii) de déterminer le rôle du bois mort dans le processus de régénération suivant la perturbation et (iii) de déterminer l'effet de la gravité de la perturbation sur la sélection de l'arbre. L'étude a été menée dans la forêt protégée de Szast, qui a été reboisée après une tempête en 2002. Les résultats ont montré que la majorité des arbres furent soufflés par le vent. La surface terrière des peuplements peu perturbés a augmenté au fil du temps. La couverture d'herbe a augmenté tandis que la couverture de mousse a diminué en 2011. La gravité de la perturbation a influencé la densité de la régénération des espèces d'arbres, la mousse et la couverture d'herbe du sol, la diversité des espèces, la hauteur moyenne des arbres, la vitalité des arbres et les dommages causés par les herbivores. La densité de la régénération naturelle a augmenté et de nouvelles espèces se sont établies après la perturbation. Le pin sylvestre (Pinus sylvestris L.) était l'espèce d'arbres dominante au cours du processus de régénération, sauf chez le peuplement le plus sévèrement perturbé où le bois a été enlevé. Dans ce cas, le bouleau était l'espèce dominante. Les perturbations causées par le vent ont augmenté la diversité des espèces et ont créé une nouvelle forêt avec une structure d'espèces particulière et des arbres qui varient en âge et en hauteur. Les résultats de cette étude seront utiles pour les forestiers et décideurs afin de modifier les approches existantes des perturbations à grande échelle dans les forêts polonaises.Mots-clés : pe...

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Resource availability drives plant–plant interactions of conifer seedlings across elevations under warming in Alaska

et al. 2021

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Future warming may alter plant stress at high-elevation treelines and forests, thereby changing plant-plant interactions. The relative importance of competition and facilitation may depend on the degree of resource or physical stress. According to the stress gradient hypothesis (SGH), physical stress on trees is more important at cold high elevations where facilitation predominates, and less important at low elevations where competition is the main interaction. Our goals were to investigate whether plant-plant interactions along elevational gradients corresponded to those predicted by the SGH, and to assess the effects of increasing temperatures on the growth of conifer seedlings in tundra-forest ecosystems in interior Alaska, USA. We established sites along two elevational gradients: one in tundra (four sites, 550-1170 m) and one in forest (three sites, 210-760 m). A field warming and neighbor removal experiment was conducted using transplanted seedlings of white spruce (Picea glauca). After three growing seasons, regardless of elevation, spruce seedling biomass was approximately 20% lower in seedlings with neighbor plants compared to those without neighbors. Therefore, there was no evidence for greater facilitation at high elevations across either tundra or forest elevational gradient. Seedlings in forest sites increased their shoot-to-root ratios and relative growth rates in height, suggesting competition for light, but this was not seen for seedlings growing in tundra sites. When warmed by greenhouses, seedling growth was stimulated in forests, especially at high elevations. In contrast, at tundra sites, warmed seedlings grew less than controls and the seedlings at high elevations showed water stress. Our results suggest that the resource stresses of low light and water availability are more important drivers of plant-plant interactions than the physical stress imposed by low temperature, possibly due to warming in the past 50 yr in this region. Further warming may increase growth of seedlings in forests, but is likely to decrease it in open tundra habitats, thereby slowing the upward movement of treeline in the near future.

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The Impact of Moss Species and Biomass on the Growth of Pinus sylvestris Tree Seedlings at Different Precipitation Frequencies

Cited by 38 publications

References 58 publications

Bryophyte traits explain climate‐warming effects on tree seedling establishment

Bryophyte traits explain climate‐warming effects on tree seedling establishment

Forest regeneration in northeastern Poland following a catastrophic blowdown

Resource availability drives plant–plant interactions of conifer seedlings across elevations under warming in Alaska

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