The Impact of Metropolitan Opportunity Structure on the Economic Status of Blacks and Hispanics in Newark

Santiago, Anne M.; Wilder, Margaret G.

doi:10.2747/0272-3638.12.6.494

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Since the late 1960s, many studies have attemped to test the mismatch hypothesis and analyze its effects on poverty and joblessness among innercity residents. Although the evidence is mixed and hotly debated, much of it appears to support the hypothesis (Cooke and Shumway 1991; Ellwood 1986; Hughes and Madden 1991; Leonard 1987; Santiago and Wilder 1991). In a comprehensive review of the spatial mismatch literature, Holzer (1991, 118) concludes: "Blacks in central-city areas have less access to employment than have blacks or whites in the suburbs, where access is measured by the ratio of jobs to people within neighborhoods and by average commuting times.…”

Section: Gender Labor Market Segmentation and Spatial Mismatchmentioning

confidence: 90%

Spatial Mismatch and Labor Market Segmentation for African-American and Latina Women

1992

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Section: Gender Labor Market Segmentation and Spatial Mismatchmentioning

confidence: 90%

Spatial Mismatch and Labor Market Segmentation for African-American and Latina Women

1992

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“…Typically, employment figures, skill levels, and educational attainments tend to be lower among inner-city residents and higher in suburban areas and the urban fringe (White 1987;Scott 1990;Garreau 1991). Residential clusters of culturally distinctive ethnic minorities can also experience less favorable labor market conditions (Grieco 1987;Holzer 1987Holzer , 1991Santiago and Wilder 1991). Overall, between problems of spatial inaccessibility and variations in labor supply, some spatial variation is expected in the distribution of levels of youth labor market marginalization.…”

Section: Labor Market Marginalizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Labor Market Marginalization of Youth in San Antonio, Texas

Bauder

Sharpe

2000

The Professional Geographer

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Poverty among inner-city residents is associated with their marginal status in the labor market. Marginalization in the labor market begins during youth when important educational and employment decisions are made. Analysis of 1990 U.S. Census tract data for San Antonio, Texas identifies the lack of a high school diploma, poverty, non-employment, and non-enrollment in school as conditions of marginality for youth. Spatial patterns of youth labor market marginalization show concentrations in the inner city and in sectors on the West, South, and Eastside. Regression analysis reveals that levels of youth marginalization are associated with neighborhood context represented by the employment, behavioral, and ethnic characteristics of the overall residential population of a census tract.

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“…These basic conclusions were upheld in a cross-sectional analysis of 43 metro areas (Ihlanfeldt & Sjoquist, 1991). General (if sometimes qualified) support for the existence of an effect comes from studies by Santiago andWilder (1991), Holzer, Ihlanfeldt, andSjoquist (1994), McLafferty and Preston (1996), and Carlson and Theodore (1997), although Holloway (1996) notes that the effects lessened between 1980, while Cooke (1996 finds that the effect applies in about half the cities examined.…”

Section: Race or Space?mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…At the same time, some research has considered job deficits within the entire city in comparison to its suburbs, or within poor neighborhoods in comparison to more affluent areas. A spatial mismatch may also exist for whites in these areas (as suggested by Kasarda, 1990), or for Latinos (as suggested by Santiago & Wilder, 1991). If the distribution of job opportunities is indeed uneven, then there is the issue of whether this influences employment or wage inequality.…”

Section: Race or Space?mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Uneven Distribution of Employment Opportunities: Neighborhood and Race in Cleveland, Ohio

Kaplan

1999

Journal of Urban Affairs

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The passage of new welfare legislation has intensified questions regarding the relative availability of job opportunities. While unemployment rates nationwide are low, some scholars argue that job opportunities are not evenly distributed between neighborhoods and that whatever opportunities exist do not match the skills of the nearby labor pool. This article examines the number of jobs available to people within very small-scale labor markets in Cuyahoga County (Cleveland) and Lorain County, Ohio. Job opportunity indices are then compared for different types of neighborhoods. Results indicate that neighborhood job opportunities do not vary much by neighborhood income level or metropolitan location. However, predominantly AfricanAmerican neighborhoods at low-and moderate-income levels endure job opportunities far below those of similarly placed white neighborhoods. Fewer than average job opportunities near lower income black neighborhoods make it harder for people without access to private automobiles or reliable mass transit to obtain jobs.

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The Impact of Metropolitan Opportunity Structure on the Economic Status of Blacks and Hispanics in Newark

Cited by 3 publications

References 16 publications

Spatial Mismatch and Labor Market Segmentation for African-American and Latina Women

Spatial Mismatch and Labor Market Segmentation for African-American and Latina Women

Labor Market Marginalization of Youth in San Antonio, Texas

The Uneven Distribution of Employment Opportunities: Neighborhood and Race in Cleveland, Ohio

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