The impact of maternal education on intrauterine growth: a comparison of former West and East Germany

Abstract

Our findings support the assumption that in former socialist countries health inequalities as a result of social inequalities existed.

Global Journal of Health Science, Vol. 1, No. 1, April 2009

“…More highly educated mothers may know how to better take care of themselves during pregnancy. This result is consistent with Raum et al (2001).…”

Association of risk factors with smoking during pregnancy among women of childbearing age: an epidemiological field study in Turkey

“…From this perspective, smoking not only is a coping mechanism for escaping from or avoiding negative emotions, but also is important in relation to strong feelings of autonomy for finding one's own place in society. 28,29 In this survey, the retrospective evaluation took place around 31,32 In the present study, a faceto-face design was used rather than a self-administered design, and the fact that the information was obtained from the women in their homes means that the data regarding sociodemographic and socioeconomic determinants is likely to have been more reliable and more accurate.…”

Intergenerational influences on diabetes in a developing population: The Guangzhou Biobank Cohort Study

“…We did not try to obtain more nuanced though potentially biased and unreliable information about maternal conditions such as maternal height or weight. Instead, we used easily recallable information on maternal literacy as a marker of maternal and/or fetal environment, because maternal education is associated with birth-weight in developed and developing economies (Raum et al, 2001;Yinghui et al, 2008). In the early 20th century, very few women in China were literate (Bramall, 1997) and low family SEP would have precluded education (Buchmann and Hannum, 2001).…”