The Impact of Macro-Economic Circumstances and Social Protection Expenditure on Economic Deprivation in 25 European Countries, 2007–2011

Visser, Mark; Gesthuizen, Maurice; Scheepers, P.L.H.

doi:10.1007/s11205-013-0259-1

Cited by 17 publications

(10 citation statements)

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“…The different magnitudes of absolute inequalities between welfare regimes may be explained by their socioeconomic characteristics, as Former-USSR and Post-Communist countries have traditionally lower social protection expenditure as a percentage of GDP. [ 36 , 37 ]…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Welfare states, the Great Recession and health: Trends in educational inequalities in self-reported health in 26 European countries

et al. 2018

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BackgroundAlthough socioeconomic inequalities in health have long been observed in Europe, few studies have analysed their recent patterning. In this paper, we examined how educational inequalities in self-reported health have evolved in different European countries and welfare state regimes over the last decade, which was troubled by the Great Recession.MethodsWe used cross-sectional data from the EU-SILC survey for adults from 26 European countries, from 2005 to 2014 (n = 3,030,595). We first calculated education-related absolute (SII) and relative (RII) inequalities in poor self-reported health by country-year, adjusting for age, sex, and EU-SILC survey weights. We then regressed the year- and country-specific RII and SII on a yearly time trend, globally and by welfare regime, adjusting for country fixed effects. We further adjusted the analysis for the economic cycle using GDP growth, unemployment, and income inequality.ResultsOverall, absolute inequalities persisted and relative inequalities slightly widened (betaRII = 0.0313, p<0.05). There were substantial differences by welfare regime: Anglo-Saxon countries experienced the largest increase in absolute inequalities (betaSII = 0.0032, p<0.05), followed by Bismarkian countries (betaSII = 0.0024, p<0.001), while they reduced in Post-Communist countries (betaSII = -0.0022, p<0.001). Post-Communist countries also experienced a widening in relative inequalities (betaRII = 0.1112, p<0.001), which were found to be stable elsewhere. Adjustment for income inequality only explained such trend in Anglo-Saxon countries.ConclusionsEducational inequalities in health have overall persisted across European countries over the last decade. However, there is considerable variation across welfare regimes, possibly related to underpinning social safety nets and to austerity measures implemented during this 10-year period.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Welfare states, the Great Recession and health: Trends in educational inequalities in self-reported health in 26 European countries

et al. 2018

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“…These three measures have been offered with a seven-point response scale ranging from 0 ('not at all') to 6 ('a great deal'). According to conventional scaling techniques (see Appendix Table 4), these three items form a unidimensional scale that meets statistical tests (Visser et al 2014;Reeskens and van Oorschot 2014). Moreover, Visser et al (2014) have demonstrated the cross-national measurement equivalence of this scale, which makes it suitable for comparative research.…”

Section: Independent Variablementioning

confidence: 99%

“…At the same time, studies hint at a variation in the extent to which economic hardship affects well-being; some people are more resilient in the face of economic hardship than others. To explain this variation, studies have largely focused on the cushioning impact of material or pecuniary resources, and particularly welfare states' ability to buffer the negative consequences of economic hardship (Stuckler et al 2009;Visser et al 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…networks, religiosity, and confidence in politics, across different welfare states, we analyze the 2010 European Social Survey. In this survey, representative samples of 24 countries have been questioned about, among other issues, their experienced deprivation in the last 3 years (Visser et al 2014;Reeskens and van Oorschot 2014). Before we turn to the empirics, we first of all build up our theoretical argument in section two.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Economic Hardship and Well-Being: Examining the Relative Role of Individual Resources and Welfare State Effort in Resilience Against Economic Hardship

Reeskens

Vandecasteele

2016

J Happiness Stud

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With the aftermath of the economic crisis starting to fold out, the extent and the conditions under which the experience of economic hardship thwarts subjective well-being spark academic interest. In this paper, we examine the cushioning impact of three immaterial buffers embedded within civil society-namely social networks, religiosity, and confidence in politics-in combination with the cushioning role of the welfare state. Analyzing the 2010 wave of the European Social Survey, the results confirm that the experience of economic hardship is inversely related to happiness. All three proposed protective measures cushion the negative impact of economic strain on happiness, whereby the positive effect of social networks and confidence in politics is stronger in countries with lower levels of social expenditure. The latter finding provides some evidence for the crowding out-thesis but mainly suggests that a strong welfare state can take over the role of protective buffers in civil society, which is helpful as such buffers are less present among the most vulnerable social groups. The results of the analysis are discussed in relation to social science research and public policy.

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“…Social expenditure levels seem to depend on unemployment, GDP growth, population ageing, GDP per capita and the openness of an economy (Rozensky, 2014). Visser et al (2014) investigated to what extent macro-economic circumstances and social protection expenditure affect economic deprivation. Their results of linear multilevel regression anal- Renata Halaskova / Montenegrin Journal of Economics, Vol.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structure of General Government Expenditure on Social Protection in the EU Member States

Halásková¹

2018

Montenegrin Journal of Economics

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The subject of research are the main areas of social policy in relation to general government expenditure on social protection. The article aim to evaluate the volume and structure of general government expenditure on social protection, accentuating similarities and differences in EU member states. Research byl proveden for the period 2007-2016 using the method of cluster analysis and boxplot. In connection to the goal have been verified three research questions. RQ1: Are the largest differences in the volume of general government expenditure on social protection present between Nordic countries compared to Eastern European countries and Baltic states? RQ2: Does expenditure on old age account for the most significant share and on sickness and disability the second most significant share in the structure of general government expenditure on social protection? RQ3: Do the differences in the volume and structure of general government expenditure on social protection in EU member states depend on the character of welfare states and the type of social protection? The results confirmed the largest differences in the volume of general government expenditure on social protection between Nordic countries compared to Eastern European and Baltic states (RQ1). The most significant share in the structure of general government expenditure on social protection is represented by expenditure on old age and sickness and disability in the majority of EU countries (RQ2). Research question (RQ3) confirmed the largest differences in government expenditure on old age and survivors (two countries of the second cluster, compared to the countries of the fourth cluster) and in government expenditure on sickness and disability (countries of the third cluster, compared to the countries of the fourth cluster). Nevertheless, these differences between groups of expenditure on social protection failed to confirm for all EU member states representing the respective welfare state and social model. Differences between countries expenditure levels partly reflect diverse levels of wealth, but also diversity in social protection systems, welfare policy, demographic trends, unemployment rates and other social, institutional and economic factors.

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The Impact of Macro-Economic Circumstances and Social Protection Expenditure on Economic Deprivation in 25 European Countries, 2007–2011

Cited by 17 publications

References 40 publications

Welfare states, the Great Recession and health: Trends in educational inequalities in self-reported health in 26 European countries

Welfare states, the Great Recession and health: Trends in educational inequalities in self-reported health in 26 European countries

Economic Hardship and Well-Being: Examining the Relative Role of Individual Resources and Welfare State Effort in Resilience Against Economic Hardship

Structure of General Government Expenditure on Social Protection in the EU Member States

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