The Impact of Lignin on Paper Permanence. A Comprehensive Study of the Ageing Behaviour of Handsheets and Commercial Paper Samples

Bégin, Paul; Deschatelets, S.; Grattan, David W.; Gurnagul, N.; Iraci, Jessica; Kaminska, E.; Woods, Donald R.; Zou, Xuejun

doi:10.1515/rest.1998.19.3.135

Cited by 34 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Lignin is a polymeric structural constituent of wood and other plant tissues and is undesirable as it may cause discolouration [54,55]. The lignin content in paper varies considerably depending on the original fibres and its pulping processes, i.e., the amount of lignin in groundwood is much higher than rag paper or bleached pulp paper.…”

Section: Lignin Contentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-destructive collection survey of the historical Classense Library. Part I: Paper characterisation

et al. 2020

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An innovative survey was conducted of the collections of the historical Biblioteca Classense, located in the urban area of Ravenna (Northern Italy). The survey aimed to evaluate the current conservation state of the book collections, where 297 paper-based items, including incunabula, manuscripts and books, dating from the 14th to the 20th century, were selected for analysis. This innovative survey was carried out non-destructively by assessing degradation visually and by measuring NIR spectral data followed by multivariate data analysis. Chemical and physical paper properties, important for paper characterisation and implementation of conservation strategies were determined, including paper type, pH, degree of polymerisation (DP), tensile strength, lignin, protein, and rosin content. This survey provided a significant quantitative dataset for rag paper covering a 600-year period. The analysis of DP changes over time allowed the first experimental estimation of the rate constant for historical rag paper, i.e., (4.2 ± 0.6)•10 −7 year −1 , which was validated with predictions based on the Collections Demography dose response function for historic paper taking into account the past climate in Ravenna. Statistical methods were employed to describe the correlations between the measured variables and different features of the books, suggesting that the degree of polymerisation can be used as a general proxy for rag paper mechanical strength.

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Section: Lignin Contentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-destructive collection survey of the historical Classense Library. Part I: Paper characterisation

et al. 2020

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“…The amount of lignin in paper depends on the raw material and the paper making process [36]. Using the phloroglucinol test, colour change was visually observed in 105 samples, whereas 73 papers did not exhibit any noticeable colour change (Fig.…”

Section: Lignin Contentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterisation of 19th and 20th century Chinese paper

Brown

Lichtblau²,

Fearn

et al. 2017

Herit Sci

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The chemical and physical properties of 19th and 20th century Chinese papers were investigated using a variety of material characterisation methods. A reference collection of 178 Chinese papers, dating from 1799 to 1990 was used, and properties such as pH, degree of polymerisation (DP), lignin content, and tensile strength (zero-span) were determined. Most of the papers were of approximately neutral pH, had a low lignin content and DP similar to pre-19th century European rag paper. It was found that the high inhomogeneity and the typical paper thinness affected tensile testing and as a result, a modified method for zero-span tensile strength test was developed. Using near infrared spectroscopy (NIR), proof-of-concept partial least squares (PLS) applications were developed for determination of tensile strength, pH, DP and for dating of the samples. For the latter, using post-1900 papers, the error of cross validation was 13 years. The presence of lignin was modelled using linear discriminant analysis (LDA), where the model could distinguish between high and low lignin content with 88% accuracy. Using one or multiple sheets for transmission NIR spectroscopy led to PLS results of similar quality, which was attributed to material inhomogeneity.

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“…Lignin is a polymeric structural constituent of wood and other plant tissues and is undesirable as it may cause discolouration [54,55]. The lignin content in paper varies considerably depending on the original bres and its pulping processes, i.e., the amount of lignin in groundwood is much higher than rag paper or bleached pulp paper.…”

Section: Lignin Contentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-destructive collection survey of the historical Classense Library. Part I: Paper characterisation

Brown

Coppola²,

Modelli

et al. 2020

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

An innovative survey was conducted of the collections of the historical Biblioteca Classense, located in the urban area of Ravenna (Northern Italy). The survey aimed to evaluate the current conservation state of the book collections, where 297 paper-based items, including incunabulae, manuscripts and books, dating from the 14th to the 20th century, were selected for analysis. This innovative survey was carried out non-destructively by assessing degradation visually and by measuring NIR spectral data followed by multivariate data analysis. Chemical and physical paper properties, important for paper characterisation and implementation of conservation strategies were determined, including paper type, pH, degree of polymerisation (DP), tensile strength, lignin, protein, and rosin content. This survey provided a significant quantitative dataset for rag paper covering a 600-year period. The analysis of DP changes over time allowed the first experimental estimation of the rate constant for historical rag paper, i.e., (4.2±0.6)·10-7 year-1, which was validated with predictions based on the Collections Demography dose response function for historic paper taking into account the past climate in Ravenna. Statistical methods were employed to describe the correlations between the measured variables and different features of the books, suggesting that the degree of polymerisation can be used as a general proxy for rag paper mechanical strength.

show abstract

The Impact of Lignin on Paper Permanence. A Comprehensive Study of the Ageing Behaviour of Handsheets and Commercial Paper Samples

Cited by 34 publications

References 6 publications

Non-destructive collection survey of the historical Classense Library. Part I: Paper characterisation

Non-destructive collection survey of the historical Classense Library. Part I: Paper characterisation

Characterisation of 19th and 20th century Chinese paper

Non-destructive collection survey of the historical Classense Library. Part I: Paper characterisation

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