The impact of light polarization effects on weak lensing systematics

Abstract

A fraction of the light observed from edge-on disc galaxies is polarized due to two physical effects: selective extinction by dust grains aligned with the magnetic field and scattering of the anisotropic starlight field. Since the reflection and transmission coefficients of the reflecting and refracting surfaces in an optical system depend on the polarization of incoming rays, this optical polarization produces both (a) a selection bias in favour of galaxies with specific orientations and (b) a polarization-dependent point spread function (PSF). In this work, we build toy models to obtain for the first time an estimate for the impact of polarization on PSF shapes and the impact of the selection bias due to the polarization effect on the measurement of the ellipticity used in shear measurements. In particular, we are interested in determining if this effect will be significant for Wide-Field Infrared Survey Telescope (WFIRST). We show that the systematic uncertainties in the ellipticity components are 8 × 10−5 and 1.1 × 10−4 due to the selection bias and PSF errors respectively. Compared to the overall requirements on knowledge of the WFIRST PSF ellipticity (4.7 × 10−4 per component), both of these systematic uncertainties are sufficiently close to the WFIRST tolerance level that more detailed studies of the polarization effects or more stringent requirements on polarization-sensitive instrumentation for WFIRST are required.

Point spread function modelling for astronomical telescopes: a review focused on weak gravitational lensing studies

“…Secondly, there are some regions in space where the incoming light has been polarised by different sources, e.g., galactic foreground dust. Lin et al (2020) studied the impact of light polarisation on weak-lensing systematics for the Roman Space Telescope (Spergel et al, 2015). The study found that the systematics introduced by light polarisation is comparable to the Roman Space Telescope's requirements.…”