The impact of legislation on the usage and environmental concentrations of Irgarol 1051 in UK coastal waters

Cresswell, Tom; Richards, Jonathan; Glegg, Gillian; Readman, James W.

doi:10.1016/j.marpolbul.2006.01.014

Cited by 55 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Some of them are of concern as their persistence, bioaccumulative properties and ecotoxicological eVects may pose harm to the marine environment (Konstaninou and Albanis 2004). In European countries such as UK, Sweden and Denmark, single biocides have been prohibited for several years due to national approval procedures (Watermann and Gnass 2006;Cresswell et al 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Histopathological lesions of molluscs in the harbour of Norderney, Lower Saxony, North Sea (Germany)

Watermann¹,

Thomsen²,

Kolodzey³

et al. 2008

Helgol Mar Res

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During a combined research project at several stations along the Lower Saxony coast (German North Sea) antifouling biocides were analysed in water, sediment and biota. Pathological alterations in blue mussel, PaciWc oyster and periwinkle found in the harbour of Norderney and a reference station are presented here and discussed on the background of chemical analyses. The molluscan species from the reference station Borkum East Xat did not show any pathological eVects in central organs, except those provoked by an infestation in the gastro-intestinal tract by the copepod Mytilicola intestinalis and trematode larvae. In most animals, the metacercaria were found in the interstitial tissue without any inXammatory reaction. In a minor number of specimens, an inXammatory reaction in the mucosa and sub-mucosa of the intestine occurred in association with Mytilicola infestation. These reactions may be evoked through mechanical irritation of the gut epithelium, metabolic products of the parasites or invading bacteria. In contrast to the observed pathological changes of mussels, oysters and periwinkles in Norderney harbour were not found to be associated with parasitic infestation. The most prominent pathological alterations were observed in the digestive system and in the gonad. In the gastro-intestinal tract inXammatory reactions, atrophy and necrosis of tubules in the mid gut gland were most pronounced in spring at the beginning of the pleasure boat season in the PaciWc oyster and to a minor degree in the blue mussel and the periwinkle. The latter displayed additional inXammatory and necrotic processes in the gills. Especially in the gonad, an elevated resorption rate of gametes was present in the PaciWc oyster and in the periwinkle. In addition, impact of organotin compounds was reXected in an intersex index of up to 1.4 in Littorina littorea in coincidence with masculinization of the reproductive organs.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Histopathological lesions of molluscs in the harbour of Norderney, Lower Saxony, North Sea (Germany)

Watermann¹,

Thomsen²,

Kolodzey³

et al. 2008

Helgol Mar Res

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“…So, although we have no direct evidence regarding the ecological impact of the antifouling paint in the Broads system, the indirect evidence for this, combined with the observation that sediment Cu enrichment at boated sites is demonstrable despite high background levels in the area, makes it likely that Cu from antifouling paints is causing harm. Legislation was put in place in 1987 to ban the use of TBT in antifouling paints for small boats (\25 m), and in 2001 further legislative measures were introduced in the UK to restrict usage of ''booster biocide'' antifouling agents in small (\25 m) vessel paints to dichlofluanid, zinc pyrithione and zineb (Cresswell et al 2006), effectively banning the use of Irgarol 1051 and diuron. However, the use of Cu as an antifouling substitute for TBT remains unregulated and widely practiced.…”

Section: Environmental Significancementioning

confidence: 99%

Toxic metal enrichment and boating intensity: sediment records of antifoulant copper in shallow lakes of eastern England

Boyle

Sayer

Hoare³

et al. 2016

J Paleolimnol

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“…A similar LLE procedure to determine Irgarol 1051 in coastal marine waters (Cresswell et al 2006) was used. Both extractions (SPE and LLE) were carried out in the same conditions.…”

Section: Liquid-liquid Extractionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A preliminary assessment of levels of antifouling booster biocides in harbours and marinas of the island of Gran Canaria, using SPE-HPLC

2009

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An analytical procedure was developed to allow for the study of the levels of concentration of biocides in the various different ports on the island of Gran Canaria, The Canary Islands. The analytes studied were extracted from water samples using solid-phase extraction and then determined by high-performance liquid chromatography using a diode array detector. The relative standard deviations of the developed procedure were under 12%. Recoveries over 85% and limits of detection between 0.007 and 0.4 lg/L were obtained for all the analytes. The method was applied to the analysis of sea water samples from the ports and marinas on the island of Gran Canaria.

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The impact of legislation on the usage and environmental concentrations of Irgarol 1051 in UK coastal waters

Cited by 55 publications

References 25 publications

Histopathological lesions of molluscs in the harbour of Norderney, Lower Saxony, North Sea (Germany)

Histopathological lesions of molluscs in the harbour of Norderney, Lower Saxony, North Sea (Germany)

Toxic metal enrichment and boating intensity: sediment records of antifoulant copper in shallow lakes of eastern England

A preliminary assessment of levels of antifouling booster biocides in harbours and marinas of the island of Gran Canaria, using SPE-HPLC

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