The Impact of Latent Heat Release on Synoptic-Scale Vertical Motions and theDevelopment of an Extratropical Cyclone System

Smith, Phillip J.; Dare, Patricia M.; Un, Shiang-Jiun

doi:10.1175/1520-0493(1984)112<2421:tiolhr>2.0.co;2

Cited by 19 publications

(10 citation statements)

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“…A positive contribution to the heating of the lower atmosphere might directly indicate rising heights above these levels, but caution needs to be taken if vorticity is examined because it is the Laplacian of the heating field [see Eq. (1)] that is the important quantity (e.g., Smith 2000). Smith (2000) demonstrates this behavior by examining a sinusoidally varying latent heat release field; however, this result is not easily applicable here.…”

Section: B Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…(1)] that is the important quantity (e.g., Smith 2000). Smith (2000) demonstrates this behavior by examining a sinusoidally varying latent heat release field; however, this result is not easily applicable here. By examining Fig.…”

Section: B Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…The static stability is represented as S and is proportional to the lapse rate of the potential temperature. The Laplacian operator represents the curvature in the field or variable to which it is applied [for an example using this equation, see Smith (2000)]. …”

Section: B Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They used the potential vorticity (PV) approach, where the diabatic contribution must be neglected to assume conservation in a dry atmosphere. The idea of examining the direct (e.g., Smith et al 1984;Tsou et al 1987;Pauley and Smith 1988;Lupo et al 1992;Smith 2000) and indirect (e.g., Nuss and Anthes 1987;Pauley and Smith 1988;Neiman et al 1990;Tan and Curry 1993;King et al 1995) contributions of diabatic heating to the development of synoptic-and large-scale events is not new. However, the direct contribution of diabatic heating and its relative importance to block intensification on the synoptic or large scales have not been examined extensively.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Calculated Height Tendencies in Two Southern Hemisphere Blocking and Cyclone Events: The Contribution of Diabatic Heating to Block Intensification

Tilly

Lupo

Melick

et al. 2008

Monthly Weather Review

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The Zwack-Okossi vorticity tendency equation was used to calculate 500-hPa height tendencies in two intensifying Southern Hemisphere blocking events. The National Centers for Environmental PredictionNational Center for Atmospheric Research gridded reanalyses were used to make each of these calculations. The block intensification period for each event was associated with a deepening surface cyclone during a 48-h period beginning at 1200 UTC 28 July and 1200 UTC 8 August 1986, respectively. These results demonstrate that the diabatic heating forces height rises through the sensible and latent heating terms in these two Southern Hemisphere blocking events. The sensible heating was the larger contributor, second only to (about the same as) the vorticity advection term in the first (second) event. The vorticity advection term has been shown by several studies to be associated with block intensification.

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Section: B Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: B Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: B Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Calculated Height Tendencies in Two Southern Hemisphere Blocking and Cyclone Events: The Contribution of Diabatic Heating to Block Intensification

Tilly

Lupo

Melick

et al. 2008

Monthly Weather Review

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“…More recently, Smith et al (1984) examined a winter cyclone over the United States and concluded that the bulk of the precipitation was convective rather than large-scale. In Section 2, a convective parametrization adapted from Kuo (1974) is included in an 8-level primitive equations model.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the sensitivity of predictions of maritime cyclogenesis to convective precipitation and sea temperature

Danard

1986

Atmosphere-Ocean

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To cite this article: Maurice Danard (1986) On the sensitivity of predictions of maritime cyclogenesis to convective precipitation and sea temperature, Atmosphere-Ocean, 24:1, 52-72, DOI: 10.1080DOI: 10. /07055900.1986 Convective Precipitation, SST and Predictions of Maritime Cyclogenesis / 53 1 IntroductionExtratropical cyclones over the oceans tend to develop faster, attain greater intensities, and be less accurately predicted than those over land. While it is unlikely that many forecasters responsible for maritime or coastal areas would dispute this statement, some references to support it may be found in Danard (1983Danard ( , 1985. Contributing factors are a smooth underlying surface, an abundant supply of heat and moisture, and sparsity of data. This paper is concerned with the effects of surface fluxes and convective precipitation. The importance of convective precipitation in the development of extratropical cyclones was noted by Tracton (1973). More recently, Smith et al. (1984) examined a winter cyclone over the United States and concluded that the bulk of the precipitation was convective rather than large-scale. In Section 2, a convective parametrization adapted from Kuo (1974) is included in an 8-level primitive equations model. Three methods are investigated of specifying the fraction of the moisture supply producing convective precipitation. These are tested for two 36-h periods of cyclogenesis over the northeastern Pacific Ocean as described in Sections 3 and 4.It is generally accepted that the CISK mechanism (conditional instability of the second kind) is important in the formation of tropical cyclones (Charney and Eliassen, 1964). In CISK, moisture convergence in the PBL and evaporation from the surface lead to condensation and liberation of latent heat, which drives the storm. If a depression moves over warmer water, the moisture supply will increase and the cyclone will intensify. The role of CISK in extratropical systems is not so clear, and this is examined in Section 5.

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The role of diabatic heating in maintaining the upper‐tropospheric baroclinic zone in the South Pacific

Robertson¹,

Kann²

1989

Quart J Royal Meteoro Soc

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A modified set of ECMWF FGGE level 111-b analyses is used to examine the four-dimensional structure of the region containing the South Pacific convergence zone (SPCZ) during a period when two cyclones form in the tropics and propagate south-eastward along the SPCZ into middle latitudes. During this period, 10-18 January 1979, the atmosphere is characterized by a highly baroclinic state which, together with the existence of an upper tropospheric subtropical jet, supports the growth and development of the observed cyclone activity. In a previous study, it was found that convective activity was prominent during the life cycle of each cyclone.The goal of the present study is to examine the significance of kinematic and thermodynamic processes in maintaining the upper baroclinic region coincident with the subtropical jet. This baroclinic zone lies just poleward of the warm core associated with the convectively-active SPCZ. A partitioned form of the frontogenetical function is used to diagnose the adiabatic and diabatic contributions to the maintenance of baroclinicity in the vicinity of the SPCZ. A major balance is found between the frontogenetical contribution by differential diabatic heating and the opposing diabatic tilting processes. In contrast to the results of most mid-latitude cyclone studies, the adiabatic contributions from the deformation and tilting terms appear to be of lesser importance. Also, the contribution from the deformation associated with the horizontal branch of the diabatically forced circulation is found to be relatively unimportant. The latter finding is in disagreement with some previously reported numerical results concerned with middle latitude moist frontogenesis. Possible reasons for these differences are discussed.

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The Impact of Latent Heat Release on Synoptic-Scale Vertical Motions and theDevelopment of an Extratropical Cyclone System

Cited by 19 publications

References 0 publications

Calculated Height Tendencies in Two Southern Hemisphere Blocking and Cyclone Events: The Contribution of Diabatic Heating to Block Intensification

Calculated Height Tendencies in Two Southern Hemisphere Blocking and Cyclone Events: The Contribution of Diabatic Heating to Block Intensification

On the sensitivity of predictions of maritime cyclogenesis to convective precipitation and sea temperature

The role of diabatic heating in maintaining the upper‐tropospheric baroclinic zone in the South Pacific

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