The impact of ionized outflows from <i>z</i> ∼ 2.5 quasars is not through instantaneous <i>in situ</i> quenching: the evidence from ALMA and VLT/SINFONI

Scholtz, J.; Harrison, C. M.; Rosario, D. J.; Alexander, D. M.; Knudsen, K. K.; Stanley, F.; Chen, Chian-Chou; Kakkad, D.; Mainieri, V.; Mullaney, James

doi:10.1093/mnras/stab1631

Cited by 22 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 166 publications

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“…Ho we ver, from an observational perspective, the impact of the most luminous AGN on their host galaxies' ISM and star-forming properties is a matter of ongoing debate (e.g. Husemann et al 2016 ;Villar-Mart ín et al 2016 ;Maiolino et al 2017 ;Harrison 2017 ;Kakkad et al 2017 ;Cresci & Maiolino 2018 ;Perna et al 2018 ;Rosario et al 2018 ;do Nascimento et al 2019 ;Bluck et al 2020 ;Yesuf & Ho 2020 ;Scholtz et al 2021 ).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Quasar feedback survey: multiphase outflows, turbulence, and evidence for feedback caused by low power radio jets inclined into the galaxy disc

Girdhar

Harrison

Mainieri

et al. 2022

Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society

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We present a study of a luminous, z = 0.15, type-2 quasar ($L_{[\rm O III]}$=1042.8 erg s−1) from the Quasar Feedback Survey. It is classified as ‘radio-quiet’ ( L1.4 GHz=1023.8 W Hz−1); however, radio imaging reveals ∼ 1 kpc low-power jets (Pjet= 1044 erg s−1) inclined into the plane of the galaxy disk. We combine MUSE and ALMA observations to map stellar kinematics and ionised and molecular gas properties. The jets are seen to drive galaxy-wide bi-conical turbulent outflows, reaching W80 = 1000 - 1300 km s−1, in the ionised phase (traced via optical emission-lines), which also have increased electron densities compared to the quiescent gas. The turbulent gas is driven perpendicular to the jet axis and is escaping along the galaxy minor axis, reaching 7.5 kpc on both sides. Traced via CO(3–2) emission, the turbulent material in molecular gas phase is one-third as spatially extended and has 3 times lower velocity-dispersion as compared to ionised gas. The jets are seen to be strongly interacting with the interstellar medium (ISM) through enhanced ionised emission and disturbed/depleted molecular gas at the jet termini. We see further evidence for jet-induced feedback through significantly higher stellar velocity-dispersion aligned, and co-spatial with, the jet axis (< 5 ○). We discuss possible negative and positive feedback scenarios arising due to the interaction of the low-power jets with the ISM in the context of recent jet-ISM interaction simulations, which qualitatively agree with our observations. We discuss how jet-induced feedback could be an important feedback mechanism even in bolometrically luminous ‘radio-quiet’ quasars.

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confidence: 99%

Quasar feedback survey: multiphase outflows, turbulence, and evidence for feedback caused by low power radio jets inclined into the galaxy disc

Girdhar

Harrison

Mainieri

et al. 2022

Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society

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“…On the contrary, AGN may also induce a 'positive feedback' effect due to the compression of the gas from outflows or jets, which induce localised enhancement of star-formation (e.g., Zubovas et al 2013;Ishibashi et al 2013;Fragile et al 2017;Lacy et al 2017;Wang & Loeb 2018;Gallagher et al 2019). However, from an observational perspective, the impact of the most luminous AGN on their host galaxies' ISM and star-forming properties is a matter of ongoing debate (e.g., Husemann et al 2016;Villar-Martín et al 2016;Maiolino et al 2017;Harrison 2017;Kakkad et al 2017;Cresci & Maiolino 2018;Perna et al 2018;Rosario et al 2018;do Nascimento et al 2019;Bluck et al 2020;Yesuf & Ho 2020;Scholtz et al 2021).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…This further highlights the need to study multiple gas phases at comparable resolutions to fully understand the impact of the feedback. In this work, we will trace warm (∼10 4 K) ionised gas kinematics using optical emission-lines, mostly [O ], which has long been used as a diagnostic to search for non-gravitational gas kinematics in AGN host galaxies (e.g., Weedman 1970;Stockton 1976;Heckman et al 1981;Vrtilek 1985;Boroson & Green 1992;Veilleux et al 1995;Harrison et al 2014;Jarvis et al 2019;Scholtz et al 2021). For tracing cold (i.e., tens of Kelvin) molecular gas, following many other works, we will make use of the CO emission-line, specifically the 12 CO J = 3 -2 transition as a tracer (e.g., Combes et al 2014;Sun et al 2014;Cicone et al 2021;Circosta et al 2021).…”

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confidence: 99%

Quasar Feedback Survey: Multi-phase outflows, turbulence and evidence for feedback caused by low power radio jets inclined into the galaxy disk

Girdhar,

Harrison,

Mainieri

et al. 2022

Preprint

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We present a study of a luminous, 𝑧 = 0.15, type-2 quasar (𝐿 [OIII] =10 42.8 erg s −1 ) from the Quasar Feedback Survey. It is classified as 'radio-quiet' ( 𝐿 1.4 GHz =10 23.8 W Hz −1 ); however, radio imaging reveals ∼ 1 kpc low-power jets (P jet = 10 44 erg s −1 ) inclined into the plane of the galaxy disk. We combine MUSE and ALMA observations to map stellar kinematics and ionised and molecular gas properties. The jets are seen to drive galaxy-wide bi-conical turbulent outflows, reaching 𝑊 80 = 1000 -1300 km s −1 , in the ionised phase (traced via optical emission-lines), which also have increased electron densities compared to the quiescent gas. The turbulent gas is driven perpendicular to the jet axis and is escaping along the galaxy minor axis, reaching 7.5 kpc on both sides. Traced via CO(3-2) emission, the turbulent material in molecular gas phase is one-third as spatially extended and has 3 times lower velocity-dispersion as compared to ionised gas. The jets are seen to be strongly interacting with the interstellar medium (ISM) through enhanced ionised emission and disturbed/depleted molecular gas at the jet termini. We see further evidence for jet-induced feedback through significantly higher stellar velocity-dispersion aligned, and co-spatial with, the jet axis (< 5 °). We discuss possible negative and positive feedback scenarios arising due to the interaction of the low-power jets with the ISM in the context of recent jet-ISM interaction simulations, which qualitatively agree with our observations. We discuss how jet-induced feedback could be an important feedback mechanism even in bolometrically luminous 'radio-quiet' quasars.

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“…Similar results are reported by Balmaverde et al (2016), who study a sample of quasars at z < 1 and find that quasars with strong outflows do not show lower SFR than those with weaker outflows. Other spatially-resolved studies of AGN at z ∼ 1.4 − 2.6 also find no evidence of instantaneous star formation suppression due to the ionised outflows (Scholtz et al 2020;Scholtz et al 2021).…”

Section: Implications Of Our Resultsmentioning

confidence: 86%

“…Cano-Díaz et al 2012;Cresci et al 2015a;Carniani et al 2016;Maiolino et al 2017;Gallagher et al 2019;Perna et al 2020). However, the interpretation of some of these observations may not be trivial (see Scholtz et al 2020;Scholtz et al 2021). For example, assessing the impact of outflows on star formation can be complicated by the fact that common SFR tracers (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

SUPER V. ALMA continuum observations of z~2 AGN and the elusive evidence of outflows influencing star formation

Lamperti,

Harrison,

Mainieri

et al. 2021

Preprint

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We study the impact of active galactic nuclei (AGN) ionised outflows on star formation in high-redshift AGN host galaxies, by combining near-infrared integral field spectroscopic (IFS) observations, mapping the Hα emission and [O iii]λ5007 outflows, with matched-resolution observations of the rest-frame far-infrared (FIR) emission. We present high-resolution ALMA Band 7 observations of eight X-ray selected AGN (L 2−10 keV = 10 43.8 − 10 45.2 erg s −1 ) at z ∼ 2 from the SUPER (SINFONI Survey for Unveiling the Physics and Effect of Radiative feedback) sample, targeting the observed-frame 870 µm (rest-frame ∼ 260 µm) continuum at ∼ 2 kpc (0.2") spatial resolution. The targets were selected among the SUPER AGN with an [O iii] detection in the IFS maps and with a detection in the FIR photometry. We detected six out of eight targets with signal-to-noise ratio S/N 10 in the ALMA maps, from which we measured continuum flux densities in the range 0.27 − 2.58 mJy and FIR half-light radii (R e ) in the range 0.8 − 2.1 kpc. The other two targets were detected with S/N of 3.6 and 5.9, which are insufficient for spatially resolved analysis. The FIR R e of our sample are comparable to other AGN and star-forming galaxies at a similar redshift from the literature. However, combining our sample with the literature samples, we find that the mean FIR size in X-ray AGN (R e = 1.16 ± 0.11 kpc) is slightly smaller than in non-AGN (R e = 1.69 ± 0.13 kpc). From spectral energy distribution (SED) fitting, we find that the main contribution to the 260 µm flux density is dust heated by star formation, with ≤ 4% contribution from AGN-heated dust and ≤ 1% from synchrotron emission. The majority of our sample show different morphologies for the FIR (mostly due to reprocessed stellar emission) and the ionised gas emission (Hα and [O iii], mostly due to AGN emission). This could be due to the different locations of dust and ionised gas, the different sources of the emission (stars and AGN), or the effect of dust obscuration. We are unable to identify any residual Hα emission, above that dominated by AGN, that could be attributed to star formation. Under the assumption that the FIR emission is a reliable tracer of obscured star formation, we find that the obscured star formation activity in these AGN host galaxies is not clearly affected by the ionised outflows. However, we cannot rule out that star formation suppression is happening on smaller spatial scales than the ones we probe with our observations (< 2 kpc) or on different timescales.

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The impact of ionized outflows from z ∼ 2.5 quasars is not through instantaneous in situ quenching: the evidence from ALMA and VLT/SINFONI

Cited by 22 publications

References 166 publications

Quasar feedback survey: multiphase outflows, turbulence, and evidence for feedback caused by low power radio jets inclined into the galaxy disc

Quasar feedback survey: multiphase outflows, turbulence, and evidence for feedback caused by low power radio jets inclined into the galaxy disc

Quasar Feedback Survey: Multi-phase outflows, turbulence and evidence for feedback caused by low power radio jets inclined into the galaxy disk

SUPER V. ALMA continuum observations of z~2 AGN and the elusive evidence of outflows influencing star formation

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