The Impact of Intra-State Conflict on Economic Welfare and Consumption Smoothing: Empirical Evidence for the Displaced Population in Colombia

Moya, Andrés

doi:10.2139/ssrn.1392415

Cited by 26 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Civil wars in the last three decades have killed tens of millions of people, most of which civilians, and caused extensive injuries, disability and psychological damage to millions more (Ghobarah, Huth and Russett 2003;Lacina and Gleditsch 2005). During violent conflicts, assets such as houses, land, labour, utensils, cattle and livestock get lost or destroyed through heavy fighting and looting (Bundervoet and Verwimp 2005;Ibáñez and Moya 2006;Shemyakina 2006;Verpoorten 2003). Farmers often suffer the worst losses (Bundervoet and Verwimp 2005;Justino and Verwimp 2006).…”

Section: Direct Impact Of Violence: Household Composition Wealth Andmentioning

confidence: 99%

Poverty and Violent Conflict: A Micro‐Level Perspective on the Causes and Duration of Warfare

Justino

2011

IDS Working Papers

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The Conflict, Violence and Development Research Cluster is part of the Vulnerability and Poverty Reduction Team at the Institute of Development Studies. The Cluster's main focus is to develop new insights into how people in contexts of conflict and violence live and interact, and what institutions help (or hinder) them. We aim to use our research findings to inform, identify and develop policies and practices that will strengthen people's own efforts to survive and make a living. Email: conflict@ids.ac.uk Web: www.ids.ac.uk/go/research-teams/vulnerability-and-poverty-reduction-team/researchthemes/conflict CVD WP6 This publication is copyright, but may be reproduced by any method without fee for teaching or nonprofit purposes, but not for resale. Formal permission is required for all such uses, but normally will be granted immediately. For copying in any other circumstances, or for reuse in other publications, or for translation or adaptation, prior written permission must be obtained from the publisher and a fee may be payable. SummaryThis paper discusses how endogenous mechanisms linking processes of violent conflict and the economic well-being of individuals and households in combat areas provide valuable micro foundations to the ongoing debate on the causes and duration of armed conflict. Notably, the endogenous relationship between conflict processes and household economic status leads to the emergence of symbiotic associations between armed groups and households living in areas they control that affect substantially the probability of a conflict starting and its effectiveness thereafter. Households in conflict areas draw on local armed groups to protect their economic status when anticipating violence and during the conflict, while armed groups make use of different levels of (either reluctant or voluntary) participation, support and cooperation from local populations to advance their strategic objectives at the onset and throughout the conflict. The level of household participation at the start and during the conflict is a function of two interdependent variables, namely household vulnerability to poverty and household vulnerability to violence. The poorer the household is at the start of the conflict, the higher is the probability of the household participating and supporting an armed group. The higher the risk of violence, the higher is the probability of the household participating and supporting armed groups. The interaction between these two variables varies with the conflict itself and is defined by the direct and indirect effects of conflict-induced violence on the economic behaviour and decisions of households in combat areas.Keywords: household poverty; household welfare; causes of armed conflict; duration of conflict; micro-foundations of conflict.Patricia Justino is a Research Fellow at the Institute of Development Studies, specialising in applied microeconomics. Her current research work focuses on the impact of violence and conflict on household welfare, the microfoundations of violent confli...

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Section: Direct Impact Of Violence: Household Composition Wealth Andmentioning

confidence: 99%

Poverty and Violent Conflict: A Micro‐Level Perspective on the Causes and Duration of Warfare

Justino

2011

IDS Working Papers

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“…Ibáñez and Moya (2006) find that households displaced by the Colombian conflict, who previously relied on agriculture income, were only slowly absorbed into urban labour markets. Unemployment rates soared from 1.7 per cent to more than 50 per cent during the first three months of displacement.…”

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confidence: 87%

“…This effect will be stronger when entire communities are affected by violence making the risk of income losses covariant. For instance, Ibáñez and Moya (2006) find that in Colombia only 9.2 per cent of displaced households had the opportunity to ask for loans to relatives, neighbours, and friends, in contrast to 18 per cent before displacement. When violence is targeted at particular households or household 4 Wood (2003) discusses the extent of land redistribution to rebel groups during the El Salvador conflict in the early 1990s.…”

Section: The Effects Of Civil War On Household Physical Capitalmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For instance, high levels of education became a severe liability during the Cultural Revolution in China or the Khmer Rouge regime in Cambodia (de Walque 2006), while holding cattle during the civil wars in Rwanda and Burundi resulted in households being targeted by armed groups (Bundervoet 2006;Verpoorten 2009). At the same time, displacement and other community-level social changes will pose hard constraints on informal networks of support (see Ibáñez and Moya 2006).…”

Section: Coping Strategies and Individual And Household Agency In Warmentioning

confidence: 99%

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2012

IDS Working Papers

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This publication is copyright, but may be reproduced by any method without fee for teaching or nonprofit purposes, but not for resale. Formal permission is required for all such uses, but normally will be granted immediately. For copying in any other circumstances, or for reuse in other publications, or for translation or adaptation, prior written permission must be obtained from the publisher and a fee may be payable. War and Poverty Patricia Justino SummaryThe main objective of this paper is to systematically identify potential channels of transmission linking civil war and poverty that may lead to the persistence of cycles of poverty and war. A particular focus of the paper is the notion of individual (and group) agency during civil wars, as well as agency constraints faced by populations affected by violence. Although the outbreak and impact of war is known to depend on several financial and political factors, the onset, duration and magnitude of the impact of civil wars are also closely related to what happens to people during violent conflicts and to what people do in areas of violence to secure livelihoods, economic survival, physical security and their social networks. The nature and extent of these choices depends in turn on how individuals and households relate to changes in social norms and forms of institutional organisation during civil wars. The paper explores the economic channels through which war may simultaneously affect and be affected by the economic status and responses of individuals and their immediate relations in areas of violent conflict to cope with and adapt to changes to livelihoods and economic status during civil wars. This analysis focuses in particular on the important but under-researched role of social and political institutional transformation during civil war on individual and household poverty.

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“…This is because most individual-and household-based datasets tend not to follow migrants, and even less internally displaced populations. Ibáñez and Moya (2006) and Kondylis (2007) Kondylis (2007) shows that displaced populations are less likely to work in the post-conflict period (by 7 and 5 percentage points, respectively for men and women).…”

Section: Forced Displacementmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Impact of Armed Civil Conflict on Household Welfare and Policy Responses

Justino

2009

SSRN Journal

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This paper offers a framework for analysing the effects of armed conflicts on households and the ways in which households in turn respond to and cope with the conflicts. It distinguishes between direct and indirect effects, and shows that the indirect effects are channelled through (i) markets, (ii) political institutions, and (iii) social networks. Drawing upon the recent empirical literature, the paper portrays the processes running along these various channels and offers policy suggestions to be adopted at both national and international levels.

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The Impact of Intra-State Conflict on Economic Welfare and Consumption Smoothing: Empirical Evidence for the Displaced Population in Colombia

Cited by 26 publications

References 29 publications

Poverty and Violent Conflict: A Micro‐Level Perspective on the Causes and Duration of Warfare

Poverty and Violent Conflict: A Micro‐Level Perspective on the Causes and Duration of Warfare

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The Impact of Armed Civil Conflict on Household Welfare and Policy Responses

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