The impact of intensive grandchild care on depressive symptoms among older Koreans

Kim, Juyeong; Park, Sohee; Choi, Young Chul; Lee, Hyo-Jeong; Kim, Tae Hyun

doi:10.1002/gps.4625

Cited by 16 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…(gf: exercise & started care) Jun ( 2015 ) South Korea 2341 female; 45–74 years old at time 2; representative Grandchild care Cognitive functioning pos. (for higher educated, both instantaneous and lagged effect) Kim et al ( 2017 ) South Korea 5129 grandparents; 50 years old and above without depression; representative Intensity of grandchild care (hours spent caring for a grandchild per week) Depressive symptoms pos Komonpaisarn and Loichinger ( 2019 ) Thailand 29,227 older people; 60–80 years old; representative Grandchild care for < 10-year-old grandchildren SRH; functional limitations; psychological well-being; happiness neg. (self-rated health, functional limitations, and psychological well-being) Ku et al ( 2012 ) Taiwan 4582 adults; 50–80 years old at first interview; representative Grandparental childcare SRH; depressive symptoms; mobility limitations pos.…”

Section: Appendixmentioning

confidence: 97%

Grandparenting, health, and well-being: a systematic literature review

2022

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Whether grandparenting is associated with improved health or well-being among older adults is a salient question in present-day aging societies. This systematic review compiles studies that consider the health or well-being outcomes of grandparenting, concerning (1) custodial grandparent families, where grandparents are raising grandchildren without parental presence; (2) three-generation households, where grandparents are living with adult children and grandchildren; and (3) non-coresiding grandparents, who are involved in the lives of their grandchildren. Review was based on literature searches conducted in September 2019 via Web of Science, PubMed, PsycINFO, and Ebsco. We screened 3868 abstracts across four databases, and by following the PRISMA guidelines, we identified 92 relevant articles (117 studies) that were published between 1978 and 2019. In 68% of cases, custodial grandparenting was associated with decreased health or well-being of grandparents. The few studies considering the health or well-being of grandparents living in three-generation households provided mixed findings (39% positive; 39% negative). Finally, in 69% of cases, involvement of non-coresiding grandparents was associated with improved grandparental outcomes; however, there was only limited support for the prediction that involved grandparenting being causally associated with grandparental health or well-being. Despite this, after different robustness checks (counting all nonsignificant results, taking into account the representativeness of the data and causal methodology), the main finding remains the same: the most negative results are found among custodial grandparents and three-generation households and most positive results among non-coresiding grandparents.

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Section: Appendixmentioning

confidence: 97%

Grandparenting, health, and well-being: a systematic literature review

2022

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“…Intensity: according to the respondents' answers on how many hours they spent on caring for grandchildren per week, the average number of hours the grandparents looked after their grandchildren was 33.4 h per week, roughly equivalent to holding a full-time job. By referring to the previous study that used a standard working time of 5 days a week and 8 h a day as a cutoff [57], and based on the principle of averaging the sample size of each category, this continuous variable was divided into three categories: Never/Moderate grandchild care (1-39 h)/ Intensive grandchild care (≥40 h).…”

Section: Explanatory Variablesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intergenerational Ties in Context: Association between Caring for Grandchildren and Cognitive Function in Middle-Aged and Older Chinese

Liao

Ling

Xiong

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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Grandchild caregiving is suggested to improve the elderly’s cognitive function, but the specific relationship remains under-investigated. Considering gender disparity, this study aimed to understand the relationship between grandchild caregiving and cognition. In total, 7236 Chinese residents (≥45 years old) were selected from the 2015 China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS). The China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study Harmonized Cognitive Assessment Protocol (CHARLS-HCAP) was used to measure cognition. Grandparenting was measured from three dimensions: caregiving frequency, intensity, and the number of grandchildren cared for. The relationship was examined by multivariate linear regression, with age as a moderator. The results showed that the majority of respondents provided care to their grandchildren, especially grandmothers. Grandchild caregiving was positively associated with cognition (β = 0.686, 95% CI = 0.334–1.038), especially in the older-aged group. Moderate, not regular grandparenting, or caring for one grandchild was more positively associated with cognitive function. However, intensive and regular grandchild care was significantly associated with cognition only in men. No moderating effects of age were found in women. The study confirmed that moderate intensity and frequency of caregiving was related to better cognitive function in middle-aged and older Chinese population, whereas cultural context and gender differences could be considered when designing targeted policies.

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“…But there also studies show that there were lower or no risk of health problems [ 54 , 55 ]. In contrast to most negative results in the Western countries, psychological benefits were shown in most Asian countries, especially in China [ 49 , 56 – 61 ]. Our results were consistent with previous findings in China.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Association of intergenerational relationships with cognitive impairment among Chinese adults 80 years of age or older: prospective cohort study

Yang

Jia

2022

BMC Geriatr

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Background The oldest-old (aged 80 or older) are the most rapidly growing age group, and they are more likely to suffer from cognitive impairment, leading to severe medical and economic burdens. The influence of intergenerational relationships on cognition among Chinese oldest-old adults is not clear. We aim to examine the association of intergenerational relationships with cognitive impairment among Chinese adults aged 80 or older. Methods This was a prospective cohort study, and data were obtained from the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey, 14,180 participants aged 80 or older with at least one follow-up survey from 1998 to 2018. Cognitive impairment was assessed by the Chinese version of Mini Mental State Examination, and intergenerational relationships were assessed by getting main financial support from children, living with children or often being visited by children, and doing housework or childcare. We used time-varying Cox proportional hazards models to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of associations between intergenerational relationships and cognitive impairment. Results We identified 5443 incident cognitive impairments in the 24-cut-off MMSE cohort and 4778 in the 18-cut-off MMSE cohort between 1998 and 2018. After adjusting for a wide range of confounders, the HR was 2.50 (95% CI: 2.31, 2.72) in the old who received main financial support from children, compared with those who did not. The HR was 0.89 (95% CI: 0.83, 0.95) in the oldest-old who did housework or childcare, compared with those who did not. However, there were no significant associations between older adults’ cognitive impairments and whether they were living with or often visited by their children. Our findings were consistent in two different MMSE cut-off values (24 vs. 18) for cognitive impairment. Conclusions Sharing housework or childcare for children showed a protective effect on older adults’ cognitive function, whereas having children provide primary financial support could increase the risk for cognitive impairments. Our findings suggest that governments and children should pay more attention to older adults whose main financial sources from their children. Children can arrange some easy tasks for adults 80 years of age or older to prevent cognitive impairments.

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The impact of intensive grandchild care on depressive symptoms among older Koreans

Cited by 16 publications

References 29 publications

Grandparenting, health, and well-being: a systematic literature review

Grandparenting, health, and well-being: a systematic literature review

Intergenerational Ties in Context: Association between Caring for Grandchildren and Cognitive Function in Middle-Aged and Older Chinese

Association of intergenerational relationships with cognitive impairment among Chinese adults 80 years of age or older: prospective cohort study

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