The Impact of Incentives on Exercise Behavior: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials

Strohacker, Kelley; Galárraga, Omar; Williams, David M.

doi:10.1007/s12160-013-9577-4

Cited by 142 publications

(82 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…However, 4 in 5 U.S. adults do not meet recommended levels of physical activity guidelines [3]. Various programs such as provision of economic incentives [4], mass media campaigns [5], point-of-decision prompts [6], neighborhood built environment remodeling [7], social network interventions [8], etc., have been employed to promote active living. However, existing programs addressing sedentary behavior and physical inactivity have only limited success in facilitating long-term behavior modification and maintenance [9, 10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mapping the Prevalence of Physical Inactivity in U.S. States, 1984-2015

Xiang

Yang

et al. 2016

PLoS ONE

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BackgroundPhysical inactivity is a leading cause of morbidity, disability and premature mortality in the U.S. and worldwide. This study aimed to map the prevalence of physical inactivity across U.S. states over the past three decades, and estimate the over-time adjusted changes in the prevalence of physical inactivity in each state.MethodsIndividual-level data (N = 6,701,954) were taken from the 1984–2015 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS), an annually repeated cross-sectional survey of state-representative adult population. Prevalence of self-reported leisure-time physical inactivity was estimated by state and survey year, accounting for the BRFSS sampling design. Logistic regressions were performed to estimate the changes in the prevalence of physical inactivity over the study period for each state, adjusting for individual characteristics including sex, age, race/ethnicity, education, marital status, and employment status.ResultsThe prevalence of leisure-time physical inactivity varied substantially across states and survey years. In general, the adjusted prevalence of physical inactivity gradually declined over the past three decades in a majority of states. However, a substantial proportion of American adults remain physically inactive. Among the 50 states and District of Columbia, 45 had over a fifth of their adult population without any leisure-time physical activity, and 8 had over 30% without physical activity in 2015. Moreover, the adjusted prevalence of physical inactivity in several states (Arizona, North Carolina, North Dakota, Utah, West Virginia, and Wyoming) remained largely unchanged or even increased (Minnesota and Ohio) over the study period.ConclusionsAlthough the prevalence of physical inactivity declined over the past three decades in a majority of states, the rates remain substantially high and vary considerably across states. Closely monitoring and tracking physical activity level using the state physical activity maps can help guide policy and program development to promote physical activity and reduce the burden of chronic disease.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mapping the Prevalence of Physical Inactivity in U.S. States, 1984-2015

Xiang

Yang

et al. 2016

PLoS ONE

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“…Though the incentive theory (or reward theory) of motivation clearly supports the use of incentives for behavior change (Hockenbury and Hockenbury, 2003), evidence is mixed regarding the effectiveness of incentives for motivating changes to health behaviors, such as smoking, healthy eating, physical activity, and sustaining those changes (Strohacker, Galarraga, and Williams, 2014). More research is needed to understand the effectiveness of some widely implemented and currently inconsistently evaluated individual incentives programs (Blumenthal et al, 2013).…”

Section: Incentives For Individuals To Make Behavior Changes That Woumentioning

confidence: 99%

How Cultural Alignment and the Use of Incentives Can Promote a Culture of Health: Stakeholder Perspectives

T¹,

Warren²,

Weilant³

et al. 2017

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“…Financial health incentives are defined as rewards with monetary value contingent on the achievement of prespecified health behaviors or outcomes [12], such as rewarding people to walk more [13] or to lose weight [14]. According to behavioral economics, timely financial incentives leverage people's predictable tendency to act in favor of their immediate self-interest -a principal referred to as the "present bias" [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Evidence supporting the use of financial health incentives is growing with two systematic reviews [13,16] and two meta-analyses [17,18] finding that incentives generally increase PA in the short-term (three months or less). The most recent meta-analysis suggests that interventions using financial incentives to increase exercise session attendance are effective for short durations (i.e.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%