The Impact of Incarceration on Employment during the Transition to Adulthood

Apel, Robert; Sweeten, Gary

doi:10.1525/sp.2010.57.3.448

Cited by 251 publications

(243 citation statements)

References 57 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

226

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…A large literature has documented difficulties of obtaining legal employment after criminal behavior (e.g., Pager, 2003Pager, , 2007Pager, Western, & Bonikowski, 2009;Apel & Sweeten, 2010;Raphael, 2011). Both legal consequences and social perceptions can lead to difficulties in finding legal employment.…”

Section: A Primer On the Dutch Welfare Statementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Incarceration severely constrains the individual from making decisions regarding crime, employment and social welfare for the corresponding time periods. However, incarceration does have consequences for future outcome variables (e.g., Apel & Sweeten, 2010;Raphael, 2011). We incorporate incarceration in our model as follows.…”

Section: Additional Control Variablesmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Crime, Employment and Social Welfare: An Individual-Level Study on Disadvantaged Males

2015

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Standard-Nutzungsbedingungen:Die Dokumente auf EconStor dürfen zu eigenen wissenschaftlichen Zwecken und zum Privatgebrauch gespeichert und kopiert werden.Sie dürfen die Dokumente nicht für öffentliche oder kommerzielle Zwecke vervielfältigen, öffentlich ausstellen, öffentlich zugänglich machen, vertreiben oder anderweitig nutzen.Sofern die Verfasser die Dokumente unter Open-Content-Lizenzen (insbesondere CC-Lizenzen) zur Verfügung gestellt haben sollten, gelten abweichend von diesen Nutzungsbedingungen die in der dort genannten Lizenz gewährten Nutzungsrechte. We test economic and sociological theories for the relationship between employment and crime, where social welfare is used as an identifying mechanism. Methods: We consider a sample of disadvantaged males from The Netherlands who are observed between ages 18 and 32 on a monthly time scale. We simultaneously model the offending, employment and social welfare variables using a dynamic discrete choice model, where we allow for state dependence, reciprocal effects and time-varying unobserved heterogeneity. Results: We find significant negative bi-directional structural effects between employment and property crime. Robustness checks show that only regular employment is able to significantly reduce the offending probability. Further, a significant uni-directional effect is found for the public assistance category of social welfare on property offending. Terms of use: Documents in Conclusions:The results highlight the importance of economic incentives for explaining the relationship between employment and crime for disadvantaged individuals. For these individuals the crime reducing effects from the public assistance category of social welfare equivalent to those from employment, which suggests the importance of financial gains. Further, the results suggest that stigmatizing effects from offending reduce the future employment probability.

show abstract

Section: A Primer On the Dutch Welfare Statementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Additional Control Variablesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Crime, Employment and Social Welfare: An Individual-Level Study on Disadvantaged Males

2015

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Research has found that released prisoners tend to have spotty work histories (Apel & Sweeten, 2010;Hlavka, Wheelock, & Cossyleon, 2015), are frequently uneducated or undereducated (Petersilia, 2003), and often live with family members with legal troubles of their own (Visher, Yahner, & La Vigne, 2010). In addition, many jurisdictions prohibit individuals with felon status from a wide range of civic, educational, and employment opportunities (Wheelock, 2005;Wheelock & Uggen, 2008;Wheelock, Uggen, & Hlavka, 2011), and the low-wage labor market continues to discriminate against individuals with a criminal record (Pager, Western, & Bonikowski, 2009).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Exoffender Accounts of Successful Reentry from Prison

Hlavka

Wheelock

Jones

2015

Journal of Offender Rehabilitation

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…For the effect of offending on employment a large body of literature has documented difficulties of obtaining legal employment after criminal behavior, particularly after detention [5,35,[50][51][52]56]. The majority of studies focus on the consequences of incarceration rather than convictions and a variety of methods are used.…”

Section: How Crime Affects Employmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This latter finding is less robust, as more mixed empirical evidence exists. This is especially true for the effects of incarceration on employment, see the recent discussions in Kling [28], Apel and Sweeten [5], and Loeffler [35].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

The Employment-Crime Association for Individuals Convicted of a Sexual Offense in their Youth

Berg

Mesters

2017

J Dev Life Course Criminology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Objective We study the bi-directional relationship between employment and crime for individuals convicted for a sexual offense in their youth (JSO) and investigate the moderating influences of age and employment duration. Method A bi-variate dynamic binary choice model is developed to allow for interactions between employment and crime. The model takes into account statistical aspects such as state dependence and unobserved heterogeneity. Results For a sample of N = 493 JSO, who are observed in early adulthood, age 18 until 28, we find significant negative predictive effects for employment on property offending and vice versa. For other types of offenses, the model indicates that the negative correlation with employment is due to spurious effects. This holds for all ages, but the negative effect of employment on property offending becomes stronger for the older cohorts, while the effect of property offending on employment decreases in magnitude. Employment duration is found to be a mild moderating factor. Conclusion The evidence in favor of bidirectional negative relationships among offending and employment that increase in magnitude with age suggests the importance of theories that emphasize cumulative (dis)advantage, such as social control theory.

show abstract

The Impact of Incarceration on Employment during the Transition to Adulthood

Cited by 251 publications

References 57 publications

Crime, Employment and Social Welfare: An Individual-Level Study on Disadvantaged Males

Crime, Employment and Social Welfare: An Individual-Level Study on Disadvantaged Males

Exoffender Accounts of Successful Reentry from Prison

The Employment-Crime Association for Individuals Convicted of a Sexual Offense in their Youth

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About