The Impact of Incarceration on Obesity: Are Prisoners with Chronic Diseases Becoming Overweight and Obese during Their Confinement?

Gates, Madison L.; Bradford, Robert K.

doi:10.1155/2015/532468

Cited by 44 publications

(63 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…The lower adult weight gain experienced among men with an incarceration history in the present study is consistent with the limited literature indicating lower levels of weight gain during prison stays and lower prevalence of overweight and obesity among men. 14,15 The null association among women was not completely expected, given the higher levels of weight gain among women during prison stays, noted in the literature. 15,16,42 One such study estimated that incarcerated women with short sentences gain an average of 1.1 pound per week incarcerated.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…15 Individuals with shorter sentences (shorter duration of incarceration) gained 2.2 times more than those with longer sentences; however, there was no relationship between being classified as overweight or obese and duration of incarceration. 15 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…Few studies have evaluated the relation between incarceration and weight changes over time, but they seem consistent with these data. 15,16 In the most recent analysis of weight transitions after incarceration, both men and women gained weight in prison, although women gained more weight than men. 15 Individuals with shorter sentences (shorter duration of incarceration) gained 2.2 times more than those with longer sentences; however, there was no relationship between being classified as overweight or obese and duration of incarceration.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Incarceration and adult weight gain in the National Survey of American Life (NSAL)

Bailey

Williams

Kawachi

et al. 2015

Preventive Medicine

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The United States has the unenviable distinction of having both the highest obesity rate among Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) member countries and the highest incarceration rate in the world. Further, both are socially patterned by race/ethnicity and socioeconomic position. Incarceration involves various health behaviors that could influence adult weight trajectory. We evaluated the associations between history and duration of adult incarceration and weight gain using the National Survey of American Life (N=6,082 adults residing in the 48 contiguous states between February 2001 and March 2003). We propensity score-matched individuals to control for the probability of having a history of incarceration. To examine the relation between prior incarceration and adult weight gain, we fit gender-stratified generalized estimating equations controlling for propensity of incarceration history, age, education, income, race/ethnicity, and marital status. For males (N=563), incarceration was associated with about a 1.77 kg/m2 lower gain in body mass index (BMI) during adulthood, after adjusting for age, education, income, race/ethnicity, and marital status in addition to the propensity of having a history of incarceration (95% CI: −2.63, −0.92). For females (N=286), no significant overall relationship was found between a history of incarceration and adult weight gain. In subgroup analyses among those with an incarceration history, we found no overall association between duration of incarceration and adult weight gain in men or women. In sensitivity analyses, neither tobacco smoking nor parity changed the results. The results of this study indicate that incarceration is associated with a lower transition of weight gain in males, but not females.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Incarceration and adult weight gain in the National Survey of American Life (NSAL)

Bailey

Williams

Kawachi

et al. 2015

Preventive Medicine

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“…Recent work demonstrates both incarcerated men and women are at higher risk for obesity and obesity related diseases [3][4][5][6][7][8]. This risk may be especially disproportionate for incarcerated juveniles [9] and for incarcerated women [6,[10][11][12][13]. Some of this work has documented incarceration as an independent risk factor for unhealthy weight status as well as chronic disease burden.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding Weight Change while Incarcerated: Qualitative Groundwork for a Collaborative Health Intervention

Clarke¹

2017

OCTOA

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Addressing obesity behind bars has increasingly attracted attention from public health researchers and correctional administrators, while still remaining an often elusive goal. Certainly, obesity prevention in any current context has proven challenging [15][16][17][18]. In some ways, addressing obesity within the correctional setting offers opportunities, for example, the benefit of the "captive audience" who may not otherwise access healthcare [19]. Finally, the burgeoning costs of managing chronic conditions associated with obesity in the incarcerated setting further engage otherwise unlikely partners for public health interventions [20,21]. For example, the expense of diabetes-related health care has been estimated at $25,675 per inmate annually [22].A health intervention to address obesity within the incarcerated setting could focus on individual behaviorthrough education, one-on-one or group counseling or other tailored programming-or could focus on facility level change such as impacting the foodscape within prison, or other systemic restructuring. Interpersonal counseling, which has been shown to be an effective means to dietary change [23][24][25], plays a limited role in correctional settings due its high cost. Targeted health education interventions, tailored to the needs of their specific target population, are a promising strategy for addressing obesity in incarcerated populations [26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33]. However, few of these tailored interventions have been developed for low income, ethnically diverse audiences and those adapted for use in correctional settings have not yet been documented to effectively deliver on outcomes [32][33][34]. One possible reason for the lack of effectiveness of these tailored intervention is a lack of understanding of the specific barriers and facilitators to healthy weight maintenance while incarcerated. Indeed, new participatory based research has offered more successful interventions [35]. Island, 111 Brewster Street, Pawtucket, RI 02860, Tel: 401-729-3400; Fax: 401-729-2494; E-mail: Jennifer_Clarke@brown.edu AbstractIn the context of the ever-increasing incarcerated population in the U.S. and our "obesity epidemic," recent work has investigated whether incarcerated individuals are at higher risk for obesity and related diseases. We build on this scholarship by interviewing incarcerated men and women, as well as correctional facility staff to parse the barriers and facilitators to maintaining a healthy weight on the inside. This qualitative analysis forms the groundwork for a collaborative health intervention to address weight gain and weight maintenance in a U.S. correctional facility.

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“…For example, crowded living conditions facilitate the spread of infectious disease (Dumont, Allen, Brockmann, Alexander, and Rich, 2013). Incarceration may also increase sedentary behavior (De Viggiani, 2007) and obesity (Gates and Bradford, 2015). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Promoting a Sustainable Academic–Correctional Health Partnership: Lessons for Systemic Action Research

Barta

Shelton

Cepelak³

et al. 2015

Syst Pract Action Res

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In the United States, the phenomenon of mass incarceration has created a public health crisis. One strategy for addressing this crisis involves developing a correctional agency – academic institution partnership tasked with augmenting the quality and quantity of evidence-based healthcare delivered in state prisons and attracting a greater number of health professionals to the field of correctional health research. Using a Connecticut correctional agency – academic institution partnership as a case example, the present paper examines some of the key challenges encountered over the course of a 3-year capacity-building initiative. Particular attention is given to agency and institution characteristics both at the structural level and in terms of divergent stakeholder perspectives. The authors find that future partnership development work in this area will likely benefit from close attention to predictable sources of temporal variation in agency capability to advance project-related aims.

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The Impact of Incarceration on Obesity: Are Prisoners with Chronic Diseases Becoming Overweight and Obese during Their Confinement?

Cited by 44 publications

References 19 publications

Incarceration and adult weight gain in the National Survey of American Life (NSAL)

Incarceration and adult weight gain in the National Survey of American Life (NSAL)

Understanding Weight Change while Incarcerated: Qualitative Groundwork for a Collaborative Health Intervention

Promoting a Sustainable Academic–Correctional Health Partnership: Lessons for Systemic Action Research

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