“…While these effects are difficult to quantify, studies have linked mass migration to, inter alia, environmental degradation in China (Ta et al, 2006), convergence among OECD countries before 1913 (Taylor and Williamson, 2006), and state security in the interwar period (Rudolph, 2003). During the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, millions of European immigrants came to the United States, and their arrival has been linked to several outcomes, including the growth of wage inequality (Margo and Villaflor, 1987), the composition of imports (Dunlevy and Hutchinson, 1999), and the timing of black migration out of the South (Collins, 1997). Other studies have stressed the capacity of receiving economies to absorb migrants, showing that they have only minor effects on native labor market outcomes in the US (Altonji and Card, 1991;Borjas, 1991;Goldin, 1994;Grossman, 1982) and Israel (Friedberg, 2001).…”