The Impact of Human Pegivirus on CD4 Cell Count in HIV-Positive Persons in Botswana

N’Guessan, Kombo F.; Anderson, Motswedi; Phinius, Bonolo B.; Moyo, Sikhulile; Malick, Alyyah; Mbangiwa, Tshepiso; Choga, Wonderful T.; Makhema, Joseph; Marlink, Richard; Essex, Max; Musonda, Rosemary; Gaseitsiwe, Simani; Blackard, Jason T.

doi:10.1093/ofid/ofx222

Cited by 14 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…The median HIV-1 viral load in those infected with HPgV-1 subtype 2b was significantly lower, as were the higher CD4+ T-cell counts. The fact that some HPgV-1 strains influence the clinical course of HIV-1 infection more than others has already been suggested [19, 31–33]. Subtype 2b and genotype 5 were already related to higher rates of CD4+ T-cells compared to subtype 2a and genotype 1 [19, 33], and genotype 7 has already been associated with slower progression to AIDS [34].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The fact that some HPgV-1 strains influence the clinical course of HIV-1 infection more than others has already been suggested [19, 31–33]. Subtype 2b and genotype 5 were already related to higher rates of CD4+ T-cells compared to subtype 2a and genotype 1 [19, 33], and genotype 7 has already been associated with slower progression to AIDS [34]. It is thought that the different HPgV-1 genotypes have different tropisms to the CXCR4 and CCR5 coreceptors used by HIV-1 for entry into host cells, which would be determinant in the evolution of HIV-1 infection [35].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Molecular and Clinical Profiles of Human Pegivirus Type 1 Infection in Individuals Living with HIV-1 in the Extreme South of Brazil

Mota

Finger‐Jardim

Silva

et al. 2019

BioMed Research International

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Human pegivirus type 1 (HPgV-1) infection has been associated with a beneficial effect on the prognosis of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)-coinfected individuals. However, the mechanisms involved in this protection are not yet fully elucidated. To date, circulating HPgV-1 genotypes in HIV-1-infected individuals have not yet been identified in the extreme south of Brazil. The present study aimed to determine the genotypic circulation of HPgV-1 and the influence of HPgV-1 status and persistence time on the evolution of HIV-1 infection. A retrospective cohort of 110 coinfected individuals was analyzed. Samples were subjected to viral RNA extraction, cDNA synthesis, nested PCR, and genotyping. Genotypes 1 (2.8%), 2 (47.9% of subtype 2a and 42.3% of subtype 2b), and 3 (7%) were identified. In antiretroviral treatment-naïve subjects HPgV-1 subtype 2b was associated with lower HIV-1 viral load (VL) rates (p = 0.04) and higher CD4+ T-cell counts (p = 0.03) than was subtype 2a, and the positivity for HPgV-1 was associated with higher CD4+ T-cell counts (p = 0.02). However, there was no significant difference in HIV-1 VL between HPgV-1-positive and HPgV-1-negative subjects (p = 0.08). There was no significant association between the different groups in HPgV-1 persistence and median HIV-1 VL (p = 0.66) or CD4+ T-cell counts (p = 0.15). HPgV-1 subtype 2b is associated with better prognosis of HIV-1 infection. Although HPgV-1 infection is persistent, our data suggest that the time of infection does not influence HIV-1 VL or CD4+ T-cell counts in coinfected subjects.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular and Clinical Profiles of Human Pegivirus Type 1 Infection in Individuals Living with HIV-1 in the Extreme South of Brazil

Mota

Finger‐Jardim

Silva

et al. 2019

BioMed Research International

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“…Viral RNA was extracted using the QIAmp Ultrasens Virus Kit (for DNA and RNA) (QIAGEN, Valencia, CA). As described previously (21–23), HPgV RNA was detected by amplification of the 5′ untranslated region (UTR) with the antisense primer 5′ – ATG CCA CCC GCC CTC ACC CGA A – 3′ (nucleotides [nt] 494-473 according to GenBank accession number AY196904) and the sense primer 5′ – AAA GGT GGT GGA TGG GTG ATG – 3′ (nt 67-87) via OneStep RT-PCR (QIAGEN). Amplification conditions were 50°C for 59 min, 10 min at 94°C, then 35 cycles of 30 s at 94°C, 1 min at 55°C, and 1 min at 72°C, followed by 20 min at 72°C.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human pegivirus (HPgV) infection in Ghanaians co-infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and hepatitis B virus (HBV)

et al. 2018

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Human pegivirus (HPgV) is a positive single-stranded RNA virus in the Flaviviridae family. Phylogenetic analysis reveals the presence of multiple HPgV genotypes with distinct geographic locations. HPgV is of interest because of its potential beneficial impact on HIV disease progression. Despite this, the effects of HPgV in the context of other viral infections, such as hepatitis B virus (HBV), are poorly understood, and data from resource-limited settings are scarce. Therefore, we conducted a cross-sectional analysis of HPgV in HIV/HBV co-infected patients in Ghana. Sera from 100 HIV/HBV co-infected individuals were evaluated for HPgV RNA, and the genotype determined by sequencing the 5' untranslated region. HPgV RNA was detected in 27 samples (27%). Of these, 26 were genotyped successfully with 23 belonging to HPgV genotype 1 and 3 belonging to HPgV genotype 2. The presence of HPgV RNA had no statistically significant impact on CD4 cell count or HBV DNA titers in the HIV/HBV co-infected patients. However, there was a trend towards decreased HBV DNA levels in HPgV RNA-positive patients with CD4 cell count < 200 (p = 0.0626). HPgV co-infection is common in Ghana. The effect of HPgV on HIV or HBV disease among HIV/HBV co-infected patients was minimal. However, decreased HBV DNA levels in HPgV RNA-positive patients with low CD4 cell counts highlight the need for prospective studies of HPgV in HIV and hepatitis co-infected patients, especially in those with advanced HIV disease, to study further the effects of HPgV on liver disease.

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“…13,16,17,18 Beneficial effects of HPgV viremia on HIV disease progression was explored by several groups and found higher CD4 cell counts, lower HIV viral loads and longer AIDs-free survival times for individuals with HPgV infection. [19][20][21][22] However, other studies have contradicted these findings and observed no beneficial effects of HPgV infection in individuals living with HIV. 23,24,25 Tucker et al reported that HPgV has worldwide distribution and is found in the general population.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Detection of Human Pegivirus (HPgV) Infection among Filipino Children with Decompensated Liver Disease Secondary to Biliary Cirrhosis and Liver Transplant Pediatric Patients

Aquino¹,

Dalmacio²,

Gregorio³

2020

Acta Med Philipp

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Background. Human Pegivirus (HPgV), previously called Hepatitis G virus or GB virus C, is an RNA virus. It can be transmitted vertically (mother to infant), parenterally and sexually. HPgV share common routes of transmission to other viruses such as Hepatitis B virus, Hepatitis C virus and Human Immunodeficiency virus (HIV) thus co-infection is usually observed. Risk groups of HPgV include injection drug users, HIV-positive individuals, multi-transfused patients, hemodialysis patients, hemophiliacs, chronic liver disease patients and organ transplant recipients. The clinical significance of HPgV is not yet established and warrants further studies. Research on HPgV in the Philippines is scarce and has not been updated for over 10 years. There is no published data on HPgV prevalence in Filipino pediatric population specifically among risk groups like multi-transfused children with decompensated liver disease secondary to biliary cirrhosis and liver transplant pediatric patients. The lack of local data warrants conduct of this study.Objective. To determine the presence of HPgV RNA, HPgV E2 antibody (anti-E2) and HBsAg among Filipino children with decompensated liver disease secondary to biliary cirrhosis (DBC) and liver transplant pediatric patients (LTP).Methods. Included were 15 children with DBC and 15 LTP recruited from the Section of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition of the UP PGH. All patients’ sera were tested for HPgV RNA by Real Time RT-PCR, HPgV anti-E2 by Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) and hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) by immunochromatographic test. Twenty age and sex matched children with no history of liver disease and blood transfusion served as controls.Results. All patient and control samples were negative for HPgV RNA. HPgV anti-E2 was detected in 6 of 15 LTP, 5 of 15 DBC and 1 of 20 controls. HBsAg was detected in 2 of 15 LTP, 5 of 15 DBC and 0 of 20 controls. Four patients (two LTP, two DBC) were positive for both HPgV anti-E2 and HBsAg.Conclusion. This study showed that a proportion of liver transplant patients and those with decompensated biliary cirrhosis are positive for HPgV anti-E2, which indicates that these individuals previously had HPgV infection but is now resolved. Possible source of infection is infected blood from the blood transfusions, infected transplant organ or infected mother. Since routine HPgV screening is not yet recommended for the general population, blood donors and organ donors, the confirmation of exact source of infection may be difficult. Co-infection with HBsAg was also observed in both risk groups which suggests that at some point in time, these children were infected by both HPgV and HBV and also the possibility of simultaneous infection by the two viruses. This study provides preliminary data on the proportion of HPgV infection in Filipino children belonging to two of the HPgV risk groups. Studies with a larger and more significant sample size to determine HPgV prevalence as well as studies regarding the pathogenicity of HPgV are warranted. As this may provide basis for routine HPgV screening among risk groups and blood donations in the future.

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The Impact of Human Pegivirus on CD4 Cell Count in HIV-Positive Persons in Botswana

Cited by 14 publications

References 47 publications

Molecular and Clinical Profiles of Human Pegivirus Type 1 Infection in Individuals Living with HIV-1 in the Extreme South of Brazil

Molecular and Clinical Profiles of Human Pegivirus Type 1 Infection in Individuals Living with HIV-1 in the Extreme South of Brazil

Human pegivirus (HPgV) infection in Ghanaians co-infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and hepatitis B virus (HBV)

Detection of Human Pegivirus (HPgV) Infection among Filipino Children with Decompensated Liver Disease Secondary to Biliary Cirrhosis and Liver Transplant Pediatric Patients

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