The Impact of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) on Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD): A Retrospective Nationwide Study

Abstract

Background: The “remission theory” is an emerging concept that suggests that the presence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) results in decreased disease severity in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. This theory is based upon evidence that implicates CD4 T-lymphocytes in the pathogenesis of both Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis. This study sought to elucidate the legitimacy of this theory. Methods: A retrospective cohort analysis of all adult in-patient hospitalizations for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) using the 2016 National Inpatient Sample (NIS) was conducted. Our study population included patients admitted with IBD who were infected with HIV. We compared our study group to patients who also had IBD but were not infected with HIV. Baseline demographic characteristics, resource utilization, and in-hospital mortality rates were extracted for both groups. Results: A total of 58,979 patients were admitted for IBD in 2016. Of those patients, we identified 145 who also had HIV. We found that patients with ulcerative colitis and HIV had a shorter length of hospital stay (4.1 vs 5.9 days; p-value <0.01), lower hospital charge ($35,716 vs $52,893; p-value <0.01), and lower hospital cost ($7,814 vs $13,395; p-value <0.01) than those who did not have HIV. In patients with Crohn’s disease, the presence of HIV resulted in decreased colonoscopy rates (0% vs 17.4%; p-value <0.01); however, the rate of esophagogastroduodenoscopies was not statistically significant (7.1% vs 14.7%; p-value 0.106). Conclusion: In this retrospective population-based study, we found that patients with ulcerative colitis and concurrent HIV had a milder course of the disease compared to ulcerative colitis patients who were not infected with HIV. These findings support the remission theory in that HIV may play a role in inflammatory bowel disease.

Protective role of flavonoids quercetin and silymarin in the viral-associated inflammatory bowel disease: an updated review

“…Among 58,979 IBD patients, 145 of them were infected with HIV. Patients with UC and HIV had higher hospitalization rates, with consequent minor charges and costs compared to those HIV-negative patients (Then et al 2021 ). It was stated that management of comorbid IBD and HIV in patients is possible using immunosuppressive drugs.…”

Perfil clínico de la colitis ulcerosa crónica idiopática en pacientes con infección por VIH en un hospital de tercer nivel: serie de casos y análisis detallado

“…Medical treatment. linfocitos T CD4+, estancias hospitalarias más cortas, menores costos hospitalarios y un mayor riesgo de recaída en pacientes con niveles de CD4+ superiores a 200 células/μl [15][16][17] .…”