The impact of homophobia, poverty, and racism on the mental health of gay and bisexual Latino men: findings from 3 US cities

Díaz, Rafael M.; Ayala, George; Bein, Edward; Henne, Jeff; Marín, Bárbara VanOss

doi:10.2105/ajph.91.6.927

Cited by 845 publications

(335 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Exposure to and experiences of homophobia have been implicated in substance abuse, sexual risk behaviours, negative body image, suicide attempts, increased stress and limited social support among MSM (Halkitis, Fischgrund, & Parsons, 2005;Mayer et al, 2008;Wolitski, Stall, & Valdiserri, 2008). Moreover, experiences with homophobia have been shown to interfere with the ability of MSM to establish and maintain long-term relationships, which protect against HIV acquisition (Diaz, Ayala, Bein, Henne, & Marin, 2001). The experiences of homophobia may exert their effects on sexual risk-taking indirectly by exacerbating the mental health burden (Johnson, Carrico, Chesney, & Morin, 2008).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sexual abuse and HIV-risk behaviour among black and minority ethnic men who have sex with men in the UK

Jaspal

Lopes

Jamal³

et al. 2017

Mental Health, Religion & Culture

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Black and minority ethnic (BME) men who have sex with men (MSM) face a major burden in relation to HIV infection. It was hypothesised that sexual abuse would predict sexual risk-taking, and that this relationship would be mediated by victimisation and maladaptive coping variables. Four hundred and thirty-two BME MSM completed the survey; 54% reported no sexual abuse and 27% reported sexual abuse. Mann-Whitney tests showed that MSM with a history of sexual abuse reported higher frequency of drug use, and of homophobia and racism than those reporting no prior sexual abuse. A structural equation model showed that the experience of sexual abuse was positively associated with sexual risk-taking and that this relationship was mediated by victimisation variables: frequency of racism and frequency of homophobia and by the maladaptive coping variable: frequency of drug use. The findings can inform the design of psycho-sexual and behavioural interventions for BME MSM. ARTICLE HISTORY

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sexual abuse and HIV-risk behaviour among black and minority ethnic men who have sex with men in the UK

Jaspal

Lopes

Jamal³

et al. 2017

Mental Health, Religion & Culture

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“…They have found that, even with a move to "symbolic" forms of discrimination (Sears 1988), the bodies and minds of racial minorities and low-income people suffer negative effects (Clark et al 1999;Landrine and Klonoff 1996;Utsey and Payne 2000;Díaz et al 2001). The effects of discrimination are even more marked when those subjects actually perceive the discrimination (Pascoe and Smart Richman 2009).…”

Section: Conclusion: Toward a Theory Of Spatial Polarization And Percmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatially Polarized Landscapes and a New Approach to Urban Inequality

Dinzey-Flores¹

2022

Lat. American Res. Rev.

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Displays of wealth and opulence in the face of dire need and poverty have become commonplace as the rich and the poor increasingly share city spaces around the globe. Research shows that it is the perception of inequality, more than raw measures of inequality, that has important political consequences and that is most concerning for social well-being. In this article, I propose a theoretical move from a general, statistically driven conceptualization of inequality to a spatially informed concept that recognizes how people experience inequality. Relying on findings that show that the perception of inequality is most important for life chances, I suggest that it is key to understand not only where inequality is located but how it is spatially distributed. Using the Mall of San Juan as an example of a spatially polarized landscape in Puerto Rico, and referring to other cases in Latin America, the article shows how the spatial distribution of inequality highlights the perceptual fields of citizens who may celebrate, succumb to, respond to, attune to, and/or challenge the inequalities accordingly. To shift from an accounting of inequality through the concept of segregation to recognizing the experience and perception of inequality through spatial polarization shifts the scholarly and policy frames of inequality research and policy.

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“…Sexual stigma was assessed using the Homophobia Scale, 25 adapted and validated for LBQ women. 26 Sexual stigma subscales had acceptable reliability: perceived sexual stigma (Cronbach's α = 0.70) and enacted sexual stigma (Cronbach's α = 0.73).…”

Section: Social/structural Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Correlates of clinical breast examination among lesbian, gay, bisexual, and queer women

Lacombe‐Duncan

Logie

2016

Can J Public Health

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OBJECTIVES: Lesbian, gay, bisexual, and queer (LGBQ) women have increased risk of breast cancer yet lower use of early detection screening than heterosexual women. This lower use may be due in part to sexual stigma. The study purpose was to explore correlates of past two-year clinical breast examination (CBE) among LGBQ women to better understand screening disparities, particularly among gender non-conforming LGBQ women. METHODS:A cross-sectional Internet-based survey was conducted with LGBQ women in 2011-2012. We conducted multivariate logistic regression to assess the associations between individual, social/structural and health care factors and past two-year CBE among LGBQ women (n = 414), including a subsample of gender non-conforming LGBQ women (n = 148). RESULTS:In multivariate analyses, significant correlates of past two-year CBE among the full sample included sexually transmitted infection knowledge (OR: 1.12, 95% CI: 1.05, 1.19), sexual risk practices (OR: 0.92, 95% CI: 0.87, 0.98), past two-year Papanicolaou test (OR: 8.36, 95% CI: 4.24, 16.45), having a regular source of health care (OR: 4.84, 95% CI: 2.60, 9.01), and health care provider knowing one's sexual orientation (OR: 3.60, 95% CI: 2.29, 5.81). Among gender non-conforming LGBQ women, perceived gender non-conformity stigma (OR: 0.85, 95% CI: 0.74, 0.99) and belief that one's health care provider is uncomfortable with one's sexual orientation (OR: 0.33, 95% CI: 0.11, 1.00) were also associated with lower screening.CONCLUSION: These findings enhance understanding of individual, social/structural, and health care factors correlated with CBE among LGBQ women. More research is needed to understand the complex interplay of these factors to inform multi-level interventions to address screening disparities for diverse LGBQ women. Studies show that despite their increased risk of breast cancer, LGBQ women access early detection screening, including mammography and clinical breast examination (CBE), less than heterosexual women. 5,6 While controversies exist regarding optimal breast cancer screening modalities, age at which to start screening, and screening frequencies, 7 it is generally believed that breast cancer screening improves early detection and treatment, ultimately reducing breast cancer mortality. 8 Thus, improving accessing of screening among LGBQ women is an important public health priority.Most studies that focus on LGBQ women and breast cancer have described differences in disease prevalence 2,3 or use of mammography or CBE among LGBQ women compared to heterosexual women. 5,6 Social ecological models (e.g., Andersen's Model 9 ) suggest that multi-level (individual, social, structural) factors influence health care utilization. Yet studies that have examined correlates of LGBQ women's use of mammography or CBE are often limited to socio-demographic factors and overlook social/structural (e.g., stigma) and health care (e.g., having a regular source of health care) factors.Stigma is a fundamental cause of population health inequities...

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The impact of homophobia, poverty, and racism on the mental health of gay and bisexual Latino men: findings from 3 US cities

Cited by 845 publications

References 7 publications

Sexual abuse and HIV-risk behaviour among black and minority ethnic men who have sex with men in the UK

Sexual abuse and HIV-risk behaviour among black and minority ethnic men who have sex with men in the UK

Spatially Polarized Landscapes and a New Approach to Urban Inequality

Correlates of clinical breast examination among lesbian, gay, bisexual, and queer women

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