“…A relationship between the HIV and HPV pathogenesis has been investigated by several studies (Durante et al, 2003;Heard et al, 2004;Klencke and Palefsky, 2003;Massad et al, 2004;Palefsky, 1991Palefsky, , 2003Piketty et al, 2003Piketty et al, , 2004Silverberg et al, 2002;Strickler et al, 2003;Williams et al, 1994). For example, a study by Silverberg et al (2002) found that HIV-seropositive women were 3.2-fold more likely to present with genital warts than HIV-seronegative women.…”