The impact of hepatitis B viral load on recurrence after complete necrosis in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma who receive transarterial chemolipiodolization

Abstract

Devulcanization of waste rubber poses a challenging environmental, economical, and disposal problem in the world because of their cross‐linked three‐dimensional network structure. Devulcanization of gum natural rubber vulcanizate containing three different sulfur/accelerator ratios was carried out in 90°C for 10 min with the help of open two‐roll cracker cum mixing mill in presence and absence of thiol acid as a devulcanizing agent. The vulcanizate properties markedly depended on devulcanizing agent and also devulcanization techniques. Revulcanized rubber obtained by devulcanizing with thiol acid offered better mechanical properties. Decrease in scorch time and increase in rheometric torque were observed for revulcanized rubber containing devulcanizing agent. The onset degradation temperature largely depended on presence of thiol acid. IR spectroscopic results revealed that the main polymeric chain did not oxidize at the time of milling above the room temperature. Increase in storage modulus and decrease in loss modulus were observed for revulcanized rubber from DMA study. The SEM was considered to study the failure mechanism and homogeneity of the vulcanizate. By adopting this devulcanization technique, more than 85% mechanical property of vulcanized natural rubber was retained. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 99: 2831–2840, 2006

High Hepatitis B Virus DNA Level in Serum before Liver Transplantation Increases the Risk of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Recurrence

“…Several studies have suggested patients with a high HBV viral load at the time of resection or transarterial chemolipiodolization were more likely to experience HCC recurrence [9,12]. Nevertheless, our study is the first to our knowledge that reports this issue in liver transplantation.…”

The influence of hepatitis B DNA level and antiviral therapy on recurrence after initial curative treatment in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma

“…[8][9][10][11][12] In addition, recent studies have suggested that a high viral load is another risk factor for recurrence. [13][14][15] However, these studies included patients who had received antiviral therapy and did not fully account for this. Furthermore, the efficacy of antiviral therapy in reducing the risk of HCC recurrence is far from clear.…”

“…7,8 Previous studies have noted that factors contributing to recurrence include: tumor size, number, and differentiation; vascular invasion; levels of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) and protein induced by vitamin K absence or antagonist II (PIVKA-II); gender; alcohol consumption; hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection; hepatic reserve; and degree of liver fibrosis. [8][9][10][11][12] Only a few recent studies have evaluated hepatitis B virus (HBV) replication status as a predictor of HCC recurrence, [13][14][15] and interpretation of their results was complicated by use of antiviral therapy. Since HBV DNA level is reduced by antiviral agents, HBV DNA level at the time of HCC treatment differs significantly between patients who have received antiviral therapy and those who have not.…”

Association Between Nucleoside Analogues and Risk of Hepatitis B Virus–Related Hepatocellular Carcinoma Recurrence Following Liver Resection

“…The association between serum HBV loads and risk of HCC recurrence after liver resection or transcatheter arterial embolization has been confirmed in previous studies. 3,26,27 In the present study, we did not have data regarding a patient's HBV viral load or liver function. However, Taiwan's NHI program has strict regulations regarding reimbursement for nucleoside analogues.…”