The impact of heavy machine-tractor units on the efficiency of agricultural production

Abstract

The use of foreign technology in agricultural production leads to a decrease in productivity, product quality, and output from crop rotations of farmland, soil compaction. (Research purpose) The research purpose is in identifying the causes of food dependence in Russia and ways to solve the problems of security and independence of agricultural production. (Materials and methods) Authors analyzed the parameters of some heavy imported and domestic tractors, including the weight and engine power. Authors have evaluated the effectiveness of various tractor-seeding units using the results of State tests of imported and domestic units of the Volga machine testing station at Soyuz-agro LLC in the Almetyevsk district of the Republic of Tatarstan. (Results and discussion) The article shows that the heavier the unit, the more expensive it is and the higher the amortization, which affects the cost of production. The article shows that heavy aggregates compact the soil, causing the exclusion of moisture absorption, destruction of soil flora and fauna, and delay in the development of the root system of plants. The article points out that the increased emission of exhaust gases from heavy-duty tractors into the atmosphere leads to air contamination, contamination of fruits and cereals, and an increase in the number of severe and complex diseases. The results of comparative tests showed that the cost of seeding on domestic complexes is almost 4 times less than the cost of seeding on foreign ones. (Conclusions) To restore reliable production of high-quality grain, it was proposed to use domestic tractors with a complex of block-modular equipment produced by PC "Yaroslavich" and LLC "Varnaagromash", the introduction of which will increase the quality of grain and yield by 2.5 times, reduce costs by 3 times.