“…One key drawback of opioid treatment is the adverse effect (AE) profile, including headache, dizziness, and fatigue, which can affect daily functioning and patient QoL. [7][8][9] Another frequent AE of opioid treatment is opioid-induced bowel dysfunction (OIBD), an umbrella term used to describe the gastrointestinal AEs of opioids, including constipation, hard dry stools, bloating and abdominal distension, and abdominal cramps and spasms. 10 In a multinational, Internet-based study of 322 patients taking daily opioids (PROBE 1), constipation was reported as the most common AE in 81% of patients, and it was considered to be the AE that was most bothersome and most often reported as severe, despite the use of laxatives in all patients.…”