“…Another component is the modification of habitats due to anthropogenic land use, which can lead to fragmentation of aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems or even habitat loss (Brook, Sodhi, & Bradshaw, ; Collinge, ; Fischer & Lindenmayer, ). Habitat loss and ecosystem fragmentation are currently considered major threats to biodiversity and represent one of the major challenges in ecosystem conservation and restoration (Sutherland et al., ; Tilman, May, Lehman, & Nowak, ; Tischendorf & Fahrig, , ), by impairing the ability of individuals to migrate to essential habitats (Gros & Prouzet, ), by isolating populations and reducing gene flow (Haxton & Cano, ; Horreo et al., ), and by modifying species community structure (Perkin & Gido, ). Fragmentation and habitat loss increase the risk of extinction cascades (Fischer & Lindenmayer, ; Haddad et al., ; Junge, Museth, Hindar, Kraabøl, & Vøllestad, ; Krauss et al., ; van Leeuwen, Museth, Sandlund, Qvenild, & Vøllestad, ; Terborgh et al., ).…”