The impact of frequency, pattern, intensity, and type of alcohol consumption, and its combined effect with smoking on inflammation, lipid profile, and the risk of myocardial infarction

Abstract

Aim To determine the risk of myocardial infarction (MI) associated with pattern, frequency, and intensity of alcohol consumption, type of alcoholic beverage, and the combined effect of alcohol and smoking on risk of MI, inflammation, and lipid profile. Method A total of 423 cases with a first MI and 465 controls from the Maltese Acute Myocardial Infarction (MAMI) Study were analysed. Data was collected through an extensive interviewer-led questionnaire, along with measurements of various blood parameters. Medians and the Mann-Whitney test were used to assess effect of different drinking patterns, frequency, intensity, and smoking and drinking combinations on hs-CRP and lipid profile. Odds ratios, adjusted for the conventional risk factors of MI (AdjORs), were calculated as an estimate of the relative risk of MI. Results Regular alcohol consumption protected against MI [AdjOR 0.6 (95% CI 0.4-0.9)] while daily binge drinking increased risk [AdjOR 5.0 (95% CI 1.6-15.0)] relative to regular drinkers who did not binge drink. Whereas moderate weekly consumption of wine protected against MI, high weekly consumption of beer conveyed a deleterious effect. Alcohol consumption decreased risk of MI independent of smoking status. Frequent alcohol consumption was associated with higher HDL-, non-HDL-, total cholesterol and triglycerides, and lower hs-CRP. Total and HDL-cholesterol increased and BMI decreased with increasing quantity of weekly alcohol consumption relative to the non-regular drinkers. The effect of smoking on lipid profile and hs-CRP was less pronounced in current drinkers than in those who were non-regular drinkers. Conclusion The protective effect of alcohol consumption was dependent on the pattern, frequency, type, and intensity of alcohol consumed. Alcohol modified the effects of smoking on the lipid profile. Regular drinking attenuated the effect of smoking on hs-CRP and lipid profile.

A Comprehensive Review on Alcohol Abuse Disorder Fatality, from Alcohol Binges to Alcoholic Cardiomyopathy

“…In addition, these study outcomes could be an essential tool to highlight the correlation between alcohol and arrhythmias, which can be fatal. Further prospective studies are necessary to improve knowledge of risk factors for the development of structural and molecular modifications of vascular endothelium and cardiac structure [ 100 , 101 , 102 ].…”

Exploring the Impact of the Covid-19 Pandemic on Health-Related Behaviours: A Person-Centred Analysis of Two British Longitudinal Cohort Studies

“…Alcohol consumption was measured through two dimensions; alcohol volume and alcohol frequency, as both excessive alcohol consumption, referred to as binge drinking, and frequent alcohol consumption have been shown to have differing potential adverse effects on health and societal outcomes (Yoo et al, 2021l; Attard et al, 2021). Therefore, both dimensions of alcohol consumption were examined as this provides a more comprehensive understanding of patterns of drinking behaviour.…”

Blood Profiles in the Prediction of Radioiodine Refractory Papillary Thyroid Cancer: A Case–Control Study

“…The mean age was 40.58 years of age, 16.7% of participants were older than 55 years of age, and 58.3% of individuals were of female gender. Since body mass index (BMI), concomitant diseases, cigarettes and alcohol consumption are known to have an effect on circulating biomarkers, [33][34][35][36] any differences between the two groups for these conditions was assessed. No significant differences were revealed for BMI (p=0.497), hypertension (p=0.496), diabetes mellitus (p=0.453), Hashimoto's thyroiditis (p=0.708), smoking history (p=0.343) or alcohol consumption (p=0.173).…”