The impact of flue gas impurities and concentrations on the photoelectrochemical CO2 reduction

Tailoring co-catalysts on Si photocathodes for efficient photoelectrochemical CO2 reduction: recent progress and prospects of deposition methods

“…A selective electrochemical catalyst for CO production, comprising materials such as Au, Ag, and Cu, can be applied to the Si surface through PVD techniques such as e-beam evaporation or thermal evaporation. [39][40][41][42][43] Jinlong Gong and co-workers presented a simple approach to creating a Si photocathode designed for CO 2 reduction (Fig. 5).…”

“…These PVD techniques provide a simple catalyst deposition method applicable to research in PEC CO 2 RR. [39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48] A catalyst deposition technique, known as drop-casting method, involves simple drop casting and spin coating. In the drop casting process, a solution containing catalyst materials or nanoparticles is meticulously placed onto a stationary substrate in controlled droplets, ensuring precise and localized deposition.…”

“…These PVD techniques provide a simple catalyst deposition method applicable to research in PEC CO 2 RR. 39–48…”

Oxide‐Derived Bismuth as an Efficient Catalyst for Electrochemical Reduction of Flue Gas

“…To date, most electrochemical CO 2 reduction reaction (CO 2 RR) studies are conducted in pure CO 2 gas, nevertheless, the production of pure CO 2 gas involves costintensive capture and purification processes with the expense of $70-100 per ton of CO 2 purified. [6,11,12] Hence, direct conversion of CO 2 in flue gas is an energy-saving and economicbenefit approach. However, the overall performance is still far from satisfactory in terms of activity, selectivity, and durability, which is mainly ascribed to the drastically decreased thermodynamics process in diluted CO 2 concentration.…”

Impurity-Resistant CO2 Reduction Using Reactive Carbon Solutions

“…The electrochemical reduction of CO 2 could generate carbon-neutral chemicals (e.g., CO, formate, methanol, ethylene, alcohols) using CO 2 from industrial point sources. − However, CO 2 -rich exhaust streams of point sources often contain gaseous contaminants that interfere with downstream CO 2 reduction electrochemistry. − These contaminants include nitrogen oxides (NO x ) and sulfur oxides (SO x ), which are present in industrial flue gas at varying concentrations depending on the type of fuel used for combustion. − For example, uncontrolled emissions from coal-fired plants typically contain 1500–2000 ppm of NO x and 2000–2500 ppm of SO x . Similar concentration levels of impurities substantially decrease the selectivity for carbon-containing products in gas-fed CO 2 electrolyzers. − NO x removal and desulfurization technologies will therefore be necessary for the use of electrolyzers fed with gaseous CO 2 in industrial settings. ,, …”