The impact of facemasks on blood donation process: The professionals' perspective

Bani, Marco; Raggi, Erika; Russo, Selena; Riccelli, Mattia; Ardenghi, S; Rampoldi, Giulia; Strepparava, M

doi:10.1111/nhs.12985

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…In addition to the operational issues above, major changes to donation environment and operation policies could contribute to the significant year effects identified in both the first-time and the repeat donation models. One good example was the implementation of COVID-19 restriction measures in blood donation settings, of which facemask wearing could influence breathing, effective communication, and ability to detect early signs of adverse reactions ( 25 , 30 ), generate hypercapnia or related issues, and subsequently elevate iVVR rates roundly ( Figure 3 ). As a matter of fact, the COVID-19 pandemic itself could have generated certain anxiety to donors contributing to the increase of iVVR rates.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Further research is needed to address a few shortfalls. Firstly, major donation environmental changes like implementation of interventions ( 24 ) and the COVID-19 pandemic ( 25 ) could influence risk patterns of VVRs, which is yet to be assessed. Secondly, the identified VVR risk factors may not only carry additive main effects but also interact with each other ( 15 , 16 ) yielding non-additive interactive effects that are yet to be characterized.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Novel risk patterns of vasovagal reactions in NZ blood donations complicated by COVID-19 restrictions

Wei,

Smith,

Vera

et al. 2023

Front. Public Health

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IntroductionVasovagal reactions (VVRs) are common but complex donor adverse reactions (DAEs) in blood donations. VVRs have been extensively studied with a multitude of risk factors identified including young age, female gender and first-time donor status. How they may interplay remains obscure.MethodsA total of 1,984,116 blood donations and 27,952 immediate VVRs (iVVRs) and 1,365 delayed VVRs (dVVRs) reported between 2011 and 2021 in NZ were used in multivariate logistic regression analyses each concerning donations with iVVRs as cases and those free of DAEs as controls. For each analysis stepwise selection was used to identify the best model and risk factors carrying significant main effects and/or interactions. Identified interactions informed further in-depth regression analyses to dissect iVVR risk patterns.ResultsOver 95% of VVRs were iVVRs that had lower female preponderance and deferrals than dVVRs. iVVRs had a school seasonal pattern in whole blood donations driven by first-time donors from schools/colleges, and interactions between gender and age group differentiating the first-time from repeat donations. Subsequent regression analyses identified the known and novel risk factors of year and mobile collection sites and their interactions. iVVR rates were roundly elevated in 2020 and 2021 probably because of COVID-19 restrictions like facemask wearing. Exclusion of the 2020 and 2021 data removed the interactions with year, but confirmed interactions of gender with mobile collection sites (p = 6.2e-07) in first-time donations only and with age group in repeat donations only (p < 2.2e-16), together indicating young female donors at the highest risk of iVVRs. Our results also revealed that donation policy changes contributed to the year effects; donors had a lower iVVR risk at mobile sites than well-medicalized donation centers probably because of under-reporting.ConclusionModeling statistical interactions is valuable in identifying odds and revealing novel iVVR risk patterns and insights into blood donations.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel risk patterns of vasovagal reactions in NZ blood donations complicated by COVID-19 restrictions

Wei,

Smith,

Vera

et al. 2023

Front. Public Health

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“…Moreover, RNs with more years of experience experienced a deterioration in their relationships with patients and an impoverishment in the quality of communication, generated by the implementation of face masks in the clinical setting. Healthcare professionals indicated that the use of face masks altered their ability to identify facial expressions, recognize patients' faces when not wearing face masks, difficulty in expressing and identifying emotions, and a decrease in their empathic skills, constituting a challenge for relationships with patients (Bani et al, 2022). As a result, they must go through a transition process to modify their routine way of communicating and adapt to this new situation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effective communication between nursing professionals and patients after the implementation of mask‐wearing requirements in the clinical setting: A cross‐sectional study

Gutiérrez‐Puertas,

Márquez‐Hernández,

Ortíz‐Rodríguez

et al. 2023

Nursing & Health Sciences

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This study aimed to evaluate staff nurses' perspectives on the use of face masks in effective communication and relationship management skills with patients in the hospital setting. The study surveyed registered nurses (RNs) who work with adult patients in different hospital units. An online survey was completed by RNs who were selected by convenience sampling. RNs' communication with patients was perceived as moderately affected by the use of face masks. Statistically significant differences were found when comparing communication with years of professional experience. Participants who had over 10 years of experience reported having greater difficulty in their communication with patients when using face masks. The effect of provider–patient relationship on effective nurse–patient face‐mask communication was statistically significant and negative. This study shows that some participants found face masks used in the clinical setting may affect nurse–patient communication, as well as the nurses' ability to manage their relationships with patients. The findings of this study support the need for targeted research into effective communication strategies when face mask use is needed in the healthcare setting.

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“…While wearing facemasks has been useful in reducing the spread of viruses, it can have a negative effect on the communication taking place between health care professionals and their patients. Research shows that the wearing of facemasks has hampered the health care professionals’ ability to build empathic relationships because it interferes with accurate nonverbal communication of emotions through facial expressions (Bani et al, 2022a; Bani et al, 2022b).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Behind the mask: What the eyes can’t tell: Facial emotion recognition in a sample of Italian health care students

Bani,

Russo,

Ardenghi

et al. 2023

Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology

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Wearing a facemask remains a pivotal strategy to prevent SARS-CoV-2 infection even after vaccination, but one of the possible costs of this protection is that it may interfere with the ability to read emotion in facial expressions. We explored the extent to which it may be more difficult for participants to read emotions in faces when faces are covered with masks than when they are not, and whether participants’ empathy, attachment style and patient-centred orientation would affect their performance. Medical and nursing students (N = 429) were administered either a masked or unmasked set of 24 adult faces depicting anger, sadness, fear, or happiness. Participants also completed self-report measures of empathy, patient-centredness, and attachment style. As predicted, participants made more errors to the masked than the unmasked faces with the exception of the identification of fear. Of note, when participants missed happiness they were most likely to see it as sadness, and when they missed anger, they were most likely to see it as happiness. A multiple linear regression analysis showed that more errors identifying emotions in faces was associated with faces being masked as opposed to unmasked, lower scores on the empathy fantasy scale, and higher scores on the fearful attachment style. The findings suggest that wearing facemasks is associated with a variety of negative outcomes that might interfere with the building of positive relationships between health care workers and patients. Those who teach student health care workers would benefit from bringing this finding into their curriculum and training.

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The impact of facemasks on blood donation process: The professionals' perspective

Cited by 4 publications

References 37 publications

Novel risk patterns of vasovagal reactions in NZ blood donations complicated by COVID-19 restrictions

Novel risk patterns of vasovagal reactions in NZ blood donations complicated by COVID-19 restrictions

Effective communication between nursing professionals and patients after the implementation of mask‐wearing requirements in the clinical setting: A cross‐sectional study

Behind the mask: What the eyes can’t tell: Facial emotion recognition in a sample of Italian health care students

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