The Impact of Eye Movements and Cognitive Workload on Lateral Position Variability in Driving

Cooper, Joel M.; Medeiros-Ward, Nathan; Strayer, David L.

doi:10.1177/0018720813480177

Cited by 74 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…A consistent effect across driving studies (Brookhuis, DeVries, & DeWaard, 1991; Cooper et al, 2013; Engstrom, Johansson, & Ostlund, 2005; Shinar et al, 2005) and in this study sample (Narad et al, 2013) was that lane position variability decreases during cell phone conversation compared with no distraction. Visual attention during conversation appears to mediate improved lateral position variability during a hands-free cell phone conversation.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 69%

“…Though our findings that texting increases lane position variability and visual inattention is consistent with previous literature (Caird, Johnston, Willness, Asbridge, & Steel, 2014), our finding that visual inattention mediates the relationship between texting and increased lane variability is novel. Also, in light of Cooper et al’s (2013) finding that eye movements, much more so than cognitive load, negatively impact lane position variability, it seems that it is the act of glancing at the phone for reading and typing text and not the cognitive features of being involved in a text messaging conversation that increases lane position variability.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These glances away from the roadway were positively and moderately correlated with lane position variability. Moreover, other research suggests that it is one’s eyes being diverted from the roadway during texting rather than the increased cognitive load of being involved in a text message conversation that leads to increased lane position variability (Cooper, Medeiros-Ward, & Strayer, 2013). …”

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confidence: 99%

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Extended Visual Glances Away from the Roadway are Associated with ADHD- and Texting-Related Driving Performance Deficits in Adolescents

Kingery

Narad

Garner

et al. 2014

J Abnorm Child Psychol

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The purpose of the research study was to determine whether ADHD- and texting-related driving impairments are mediated by extended visual glances away from the roadway. Sixty-one adolescents (ADHD = 28, non-ADHD = 33; 62% male; 11% minority) aged 16–17 with a valid driver’s license were videotaped while engaging in a driving simulation that included a No Distraction, Hands-Free Phone Conversation, and Texting condition. Two indicators of visual inattention were coded: 1) percentage of time with eyes diverted from the roadway; and 2) number of extended (greater than 2 seconds) visual glances away from the roadway. Adolescents with ADHD displayed significantly more visual inattention to the roadway on both visual inattention measures. Increased lane position variability among adolescents with ADHD compared to those without ADHD during the Hands-Free Phone Conversation and Texting conditions was mediated by an increased number of extended glances away from the roadway. Similarly, texting resulted in decreased visual attention to the roadway. Finally, increased lane position variability during texting was also mediated by the number of extended glances away from the roadway. Both ADHD and texting impair visual attention to the roadway and the consequence of this visual inattention is increased lane position variability. Visual inattention is implicated as a possible mechanism for ADHD- and texting-related deficits and suggests that driving interventions designed to address ADHD- or texting-related deficits in adolescents need to focus on decreasing extended glances away from the roadway.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 69%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Extended Visual Glances Away from the Roadway are Associated with ADHD- and Texting-Related Driving Performance Deficits in Adolescents

Kingery

Narad

Garner

et al. 2014

J Abnorm Child Psychol

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“…Masson and colleagues documented the negative impact of an increased attentional load on the performance of drivers with TBI (Masson et al, 2013). Conversely, it has been shown that an increase in cognitive workload is associated with a decrease in the variability of lateral position (i.e., better vehicle control) in healthy individuals (Cooper, Medeiros-Ward, & Strayer, 2013). The impact of different levels of cognitive workload on driving performance of individuals with TBI has yet to be documented.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Attention following traumatic brain injury: Neuropsychological and driving simulator data, and association with sleep, sleepiness, and fatigue

Beaulieu‐Bonneau

Fortier-Brochu

Ivers

et al. 2015

Neuropsychological Rehabilitation

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The objectives of this study were to compare individuals with TBI and healthy controls on neuropsychological tests of attention, driving simulation performance, and explore their relationships with participants' characteristics, sleep, sleepiness, and fatigue. Participants were 22 adults with moderate or severe TBI (time since injury ≥ one year) and 22 matched controls.They completed three neuropsychological tests of attention, a driving simulator task, nighttime polysomnographic recordings, and subjective ratings of sleepiness and fatigue. Results showed that participants with TBI exhibited poorer performance compared to controls on measures tapping speed of information processing and sustained attention, but not on selective attention measures. On the driving simulator task, a greater variability of the vehicle lateral position was observed in the TBI group. Poorer performance on specific subsets of neuropsychological variables was associated with poorer sleep continuity in the TBI group, and with a greater increase in subjective sleepiness in both groups. No significant relationship was found between cognitive performance and fatigue. These findings add to the existing evidence that speed of information processing is still impaired several years after moderate to severe TBI. Sustained attention could also be compromised. Attention seems to be associated with sleep continuity and daytime sleepiness; this interaction needs to be explored further.

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“…The absence of any effect of secondary task complexity on SDLP was unexpected. While SDLP has typically been found to increase as a result of driver engagement in visual or physical-manual activities (Caird, Johnston, Willness, Asbridge, & Steel, 2014), other studies focusing specifically on cognitive load have shown that SDLP decreases with additional cognitive load introduced via a secondary task (Atchely & Chan, 2011;Cooper, Medeiros-Ward, & Strayer, 2013). While degrading other aspects of driving performance, the increase in cognitive demand through a secondary task has been found to afford a performance gain for SDLP potentially because participants are protecting lateral control against the risk of distraction (He, McCarley, & Kramer, 2014).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Impact of Auditory Task Complexity on Primary Task Performance in Military Land Vehicle Crew

Lenné

Hoggan

Fidock

et al. 2014

Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual

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Military land vehicles are becoming more technologically advanced, offering much greater capabilities for command and control on the move. The capabilities afforded by these modern vehicles are likely to place greater cognitive demands on the vehicle operators, and an increased requirement for vehicle crews to communicate effectively. This study explored the influence of a secondary task load on both individual and crew performance. Eight driver/co-driver crews operated a driving simulator over two days, during which the complexity of an auditory secondary task, which incorporated a crew-based communication component, was manipulated. The impact of this manipulation on both individual and crew performance was assessed. The results suggest that participants prioritized and protected performance on their primary task when the complexity of the secondary task was increased, at the cost of declines in their secondary task performance. Implications for the use of modern land vehicles in defense fleets are discussed, along with our research program aimed at further exploring the impact of varying cognitive load on crew performance.

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The Impact of Eye Movements and Cognitive Workload on Lateral Position Variability in Driving

Abstract: These findings could potentially be used to identify periods of high cognitive workload during driving.

Cited by 74 publications

References 25 publications

Extended Visual Glances Away from the Roadway are Associated with ADHD- and Texting-Related Driving Performance Deficits in Adolescents

Extended Visual Glances Away from the Roadway are Associated with ADHD- and Texting-Related Driving Performance Deficits in Adolescents

Attention following traumatic brain injury: Neuropsychological and driving simulator data, and association with sleep, sleepiness, and fatigue

The Impact of Auditory Task Complexity on Primary Task Performance in Military Land Vehicle Crew

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