The impact of exercise training and resveratrol supplementation on gut microbiota composition in high-fat diet fed mice

Abstract

The aim of this study was to examine the effect of exercise training and dietary supplementation of resveratrol on the composition of gut microbiota and to test the hypothesis that exercise training and resveratrol can prevent high‐fat diet (HFD)‐induced changes in the gut microbiota. Mice fed a HFD supplemented with resveratrol (4 g/kg food) were protected against diet‐induced obesity, while exercise trained HFD‐fed animals (running on average 50 km/week) were not. Dietary resveratrol supplementation induced changes predominantly in the low‐abundant bacteria, while exercise training induced changes in the high‐abundant bacteria in the gut as analyzed by ADONIS test with Weighted UniFrac distances. Interestingly, the two interventions affected the gut microbiome independently of the inflammatory state of the HFD‐fed animals as assessed by the systemic serum amyloid A levels. These results suggest that both resveratrol supplementation and regular physical activity modulate the composition of murine microbiota independently of the systemic inflammatory state. Moreover, the effects of exercise training on the microbiota seem to occur without changes in adiposity, while resveratrol‐mediated alterations may relate to adipose tissue mass.

Physical Activity Shapes the Intestinal Microbiome and Immunity of Healthy Mice but Has No Protective Effects against Colitis in MUC2 −/− Mice

“…Others have also reported that elite athletes have higher alpha diversity than sedentary controls ( 61 ) or that exercise training in mice leads to increased Shannon diversity ( 62 , 63 ). However, in agreement with the current experiment, PA has been shown to have no effect on alpha diversity in mice ( 64 – 66 ), rats ( 67 ), and humans ( 58 , 68 ). The reasons for these discrepancies are not clear, although multiple factors, such as differences in animal vendors and facilities, DNA extraction methods and sequencing, bioinformatics analysis, and statistical testing methods, are likely involved.…”

Physical activity shapes the intestinal microbiome and immunity of healthy mice but has no protective effects against colitis in MUC2-/- mice

“…Others have also reported that elite athletes have higher alpha diversity than sedentary controls (92), or that exercise training in mice leads to increased Shannon diversity (93,94). However, in agreement with the current experiment, PA has been shown to have no effect on alpha diversity in mice (29,95,96), rats (97), and humans (30,98). The reasons for these discrepancies are not clear, though multiple factors such as differences in animal vendors and facilities, DNA extraction methods and sequencing, bioinformatics analysis, and statistical testing methods, are likely involved.…”

A Review of the Role of the Gut Microbiome in Personalized Sports Nutrition

“…The earliest study found was published in 2008 by Matsumoto et al (57) but was followed by a host of studies aiming to identify the effects of exercise on the gut microbiota (19,. The majority of these studies have investigated the effect of exercise on the gut microbiota in rodents (57)(58)(59)(60)(61)(62)(63)(64)(65)(66)(67)(68)(69)(70)(71)(72)(73)(74)(75), though some have studied humans in intervention trials (18,(76)(77)(78)84) and in cross-sectional or observational comparisons of athletes or active individuals and sedentary individuals (19, 79-83, 85, 86).…”

“…Although there are similarities in microbial factors shown to be affected by exercise within the literature, directions of the effects are inconsistent, and some studies show contradictory results. For example, while some studies show a reduction in Firmicutes and/or an increase in Bacteroidetes as a result of exercise (58,64,66,70,73,74,81,84), others show the opposite effect (19, 60-62, 68, 71, 81, 86), and others show no effect (69,76,82).…”