The impact of exercise and dietary interventions on circulating leptin and adiponectin in individuals who are overweight and those with obesity: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Khalafi, Mousa; Sakhaei, Mohammad Hossein; Kheradmand, Shokoufeh; Symonds, Michael; Rosenkranz, Sara K.

doi:10.1016/j.advnut.2022.10.001

Cited by 13 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 107 publications

(294 reference statements)

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“…The present study revealed that only the combined intervention improved plasma adiponectin levels in postmenopausal women with obesity. A systematic review and meta-analysis study demonstrated that combined dietary intervention with exercise is an effective method for increasing the concentration of adiponectin in individuals who are overweight or obese [ 49 ]. Peripheral adiponectin can cross the blood-brain barrier and act directly in the brain by modulating and signaling through adiponectin receptors which express in the cortex, hippocampus, and hypothalamus to provide neuroprotective effects [ 50 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of combined dietary intervention and physical-cognitive exercise on cognitive function and cardiometabolic health of postmenopausal women with obesity: a randomized controlled trial

Keawtep,

Sungkarat,

Boripuntakul

et al. 2024

Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act

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Background Postmenopausal women with obesity are markedly at risk of cognitive impairment and several health issues. Emerging evidence demonstrated that both diet and exercise, particularly physical-cognitive exercise are involved in cognitive and health benefits. However, the comparative effect of diet, exercise, and combined interventions in postmenopausal women with obesity on cognition and cardiometabolic health is still lacking. Identifying the effective health promotion program and understanding changes in cardiometabolic health linking these interventions to cognition would have important medical implications. This RCT aimed to examine the effect of single and combined interventions of diet and exercise on cognitive function and cardiometabolic health in postmenopausal women with obesity. Methods Ninety-two postmenopausal women with obesity were randomly assigned to diet group (intermittent fasting 2 days/week, 3 months), exercise group (physical-cognitive exercise 3 days/week, 3 months), combined group, or control group (n = 23/group). All cognitive outcomes and cardiometabolic outcomes were measured at baseline and post-3 months. Primary outcomes were executive functions, memory, and plasma BDNF levels. Secondary outcomes were global cognition, attention, language domain, plasma adiponectin levels, IL-6 levels, metabolic parameters, and physical function. Results At the end of the 3-month intervention, the exercise and combined group demonstrated significant memory improvement which was accompanied by significant improvements in plasma BDNF level, insulin levels, HOMA-IR, %body fat, and muscle strength when compared to controls (p < 0.05). Only the combined intervention group demonstrated a significant improvement in executive function and increased plasma adiponectin levels when compared to control (p < 0.05). Surprisingly, no cognitive improvement was observed in the diet group (p > 0.05). Significant reduction in cholesterol levels was shown in the diet and combined groups when compared to controls (p < 0.05). Among the three intervention groups, there were no significant differences in all cognitive outcomes and cardiometabolic outcomes (p > 0.05). However, all three intervention groups showed significant improvements in plasma BDNF levels, weight, BMI, WHR, fat mass, and predicted VO2 max, when compared to control (p < 0.05). Conclusion These findings suggest that combined physical-cognitive exercise and dietary intervention are promising interventions to improve cognition and obesity-related complications of postmenopausal women with obesity. Trial registration NCT04768725 (https://clinicaltrials.gov) 24th February 2021.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of combined dietary intervention and physical-cognitive exercise on cognitive function and cardiometabolic health of postmenopausal women with obesity: a randomized controlled trial

Keawtep,

Sungkarat,

Boripuntakul

et al. 2024

Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act

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“…Effects of physical activity on fasting glucose have mostly been reported among subclinical and clinical study populations (52,53). Moreover, previous experimental evidence has mainly demonstrated acute beneficial effects of aerobic exercise (52,54), high-intensity interval training (51), resistance training (53), and breaking up prolonged SED with physical activity (55)(56)(57)(58)(59)(60) on postprandial glucose, which may be more prone to exercise-induced changes compared with fasting glucose (61).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Longitudinal Associations between 24-h Movement Behaviors and Cardiometabolic Biomarkers: A Natural Experiment over Retirement

SUORSA,

LESKINEN,

GUPTA

et al. 2024

Medicine &Amp; Science in Sports &Amp; Exercise

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Introduction Physical activity, sedentary behavior and sleep, that is, 24-h movement behaviors, often change in the transition from work to retirement, which may affect cardiometabolic health. This study investigates the longitudinal associations between changes in 24-h movement behaviors and cardiometabolic biomarkers during the retirement transition. Methods Retiring public sector workers (n = 212, mean age 63.5 years, SD 1.1) from the Finnish Retirement and Aging study used a thigh-worn Axivity accelerometer and filled out a diary to obtain data on daily time spent in sedentary behavior (SED), light physical activity (LPA) and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and sleep before and after retirement (one year in-between). Cardiometabolic biomarkers, including LDL-cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, total:HDL-cholesterol ratio, triglycerides, C-reactive protein (CRP), fasting glucose and insulin, were measured. Associations between changes in 24-h movement behaviors and cardiometabolic biomarkers were analyzed using compositional robust regression and isotemporal substitution analysis. Results Increasing LPA in relation to remaining behaviors was associated with an increase in HDL-cholesterol and decrease in total:HDL-cholesterol ratio (p < 0.05 for both). For instance, reallocation of 30 min from sleep/SED to LPA was associated with an increase in HDL-cholesterol by 0.02 mmol/l. Moreover, increasing MVPA in relation to remaining behaviors was associated with a decrease in triglycerides (p = 0.02). Reallocation of 30 min from SED/sleep to MVPA was associated with 0.07 − 0.08 mmol/l decrease in triglycerides. Findings related to LDL-cholesterol, CRP, fasting glucose and insulin were less conclusive. Conclusions During the transition from work to retirement, increasing physical activity at the expense of passive behaviors was associated with a better lipid profile. Our findings suggest that life transitions like retirement could be utilized more as an optimal time window for promoting physical activity and health.

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“…This may be because eating speed is not related to abdominal fat mass in women. Previous studies have demonstrated that adiponectin concentration is related to smoking status 42 , exercise, diet 43 , and coffee consumption 44 . The results of the present study extend the list of lifestyle factors, which are associated with adiponectin concentration, to include eating speed.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationships of rapid eating with visceral and subcutaneous fat mass and plasma adiponectin concentration

Tsumura

Fukuda

Hisamatsu

et al. 2023

Sci Rep

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Rapid eating has been demonstrated to be associated with obesity and overweight. However, few studies have characterized the separate relationships of eating speed with visceral and subcutaneous fat mass or circulating adiponectin concentration. We hypothesized that rapid eating is associated with the larger visceral fat tissue (VFT) area and lower adiponectin concentration, but not with the subcutaneous fat tissue (SFT) area in men and women. We performed a cross-sectional study of 712 adults aged 20–86 years (528 men and 184 women; mean ± SD age 59.36 ± 13.61 years). The participants completed a self-reported questionnaire, and underwent anthropometric and laboratory measurements and computed tomographic imaging of the abdomen as a part of annual medical check-ups. Multivariate linear regression analyses revealed that rapid eating was associated with larger visceral (B = 24.74; 95% CI 8.87–40.61, p = 0.002) and subcutaneous fat areas (B = 31.31; 95% CI 12.23–50.38, p = 0.001), lower adiponectin concentration (B = − 2.92; 95% CI − 4.39– − 1.46, p < 0.001), higher body mass index (BMI) (B = 2.13; 95% CI 1.02–3.25, p < 0.001), and larger waist circumference (B = 5.23; 95% CI 2.16–8.30, p < 0.001) in men, which is partially consistent with the hypothesis. In contrast, rapid eating was found to be associated only with BMI, and not with abdominal adipose area or adiponectin concentration in women, which is a result that is not consistent with the hypothesis. These results suggest that there is no difference in the association of rapid eating with VFT and SFT areas.

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The impact of exercise and dietary interventions on circulating leptin and adiponectin in individuals who are overweight and those with obesity: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Cited by 13 publications

References 107 publications

Effects of combined dietary intervention and physical-cognitive exercise on cognitive function and cardiometabolic health of postmenopausal women with obesity: a randomized controlled trial

Effects of combined dietary intervention and physical-cognitive exercise on cognitive function and cardiometabolic health of postmenopausal women with obesity: a randomized controlled trial

Longitudinal Associations between 24-h Movement Behaviors and Cardiometabolic Biomarkers: A Natural Experiment over Retirement

Relationships of rapid eating with visceral and subcutaneous fat mass and plasma adiponectin concentration

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