The Impact of Evolving SARS-CoV-2 Mutations and Variants on COVID-19 Vaccines

McLean, Gary R.; Kamil, Jeremy P.; Lee, Benhur; Moore, Penny L.; Schulz, Thomas F.; Muik, Alexander; Şahin, Uğur; Türeci, Özlem; Pather, Shanti

doi:10.1128/mbio.02979-21

Cited by 138 publications

(119 citation statements)

References 182 publications

(217 reference statements)

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“…The recently emerged Omicron (B.1.1.529) VOC contains a significantly larger number of mutations that result in neutralization resistance against many therapeutic and convalescent plasma antibodies ( 56 , 57 ). Increased transmissibility of VOC has also been reported; Alpha (B.1.1.7) VOC was determined to be 43-90% more transmissible than the Washington strain, Delta (B.1.617.2) VOC was determined to be 60% more transmissible than Alpha (B.1.1.7) VOC, and Omicron (B.1.1.529) VOC was determined to be 100% more transmissible than Delta (B.1.617.2) VOC ( 57 – 59 ). Further, population-level analysis has identified a significant increase in reinfection risk associated with Omicron (B.1.1.529), but not Beta (B.1.351) or Delta (B.1.617.2) VOC ( 60 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Antibody-Dependent Fc-Mediated Viral Entry, as Compared With Neutralization, in SARS-CoV-2 Infection

et al. 2022

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Fc-mediated virus entry has been observed for many viruses, but the characterization of this activity in convalescent plasma against SARS-CoV-2 Variants of Concern (VOC) is undefined. In this study, we evaluated Fc-mediated viral entry (FVE) on FcγRIIa-expressing HEK293 cells in the presence of SARS-CoV-2 convalescent plasma and compared it with SARS-CoV-2 pseudovirus neutralization using ACE2-expressing HEK293 cells. The plasma were collected early in the pandemic from 39 individuals. We observed both neutralization and FVE against the infecting Washington SARS-CoV-2 strain for 31% of plasmas, neutralization, but not FVE for 61% of plasmas, and no neutralization or FVE for 8% of plasmas. Neutralization titer correlated significantly with the plasma dilution at which maximum FVE was observed, indicating Fc-mediated uptake peaked as neutralization potency waned. While total Spike-specific plasma IgG levels were similar between plasma that mediated FVE and those that did not, Spike-specific plasma IgM levels were significantly higher in plasma that did not mediate FVE. Plasma neutralization titers against the Alpha (B.1.1.7), Beta (B.1.351), Gamma (P.1) and Delta (B.1.617.2) VOC were significantly lower than titers against the Washington strain, while plasma FVE activity against the VOC was either higher or similar. This is the first report to demonstrate a functional shift in convalescent plasma antibodies from neutralizing and FVE-mediating against the earlier Washington strain, to an activity mediating only FVE and no neutralization activity against the emerging VOC, specifically the Beta (B.1.351) and Gamma (P.1) VOC. It will be important to determine the in vivo relevance of these findings.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Antibody-Dependent Fc-Mediated Viral Entry, as Compared With Neutralization, in SARS-CoV-2 Infection

et al. 2022

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“…Since the early stage of the pandemic, the evolution of SARS-CoV-2 has been shaped by selection pressures from vaccination, antiviral therapies, and other mitigation strategies [ 7 , 8 , 10 , 53 ]. The general population in many countries has been protected from severe disease through the distribution of vaccines, while the immunosuppressed population may still be at risk for severe disease despite their vaccination status [ 9 , 34 , 54 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sequencing during Times of Change: Evaluating SARS-CoV-2 Clinical Samples during the Transition from the Delta to Omicron Wave

Feng

Ali

Evdokimova

et al. 2022

Viruses

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The pandemic of SARS-CoV-2 is characterized by the emergence of new variants of concern (VOCs) that supplant previous waves of infection. Here, we describe our investigation of the lineages and host-specific mutations identified in a particularly vulnerable population of predominantly older and immunosuppressed SARS-CoV-2-infected patients seen at our medical center in Chicago during the transition from the Delta to Omicron wave. We compare two primer schemes, ArticV4.1 and VarSkip2, used for short read amplicon sequencing, and describe our strategy for bioinformatics analysis that facilitates identifying lineage-associated mutations and host-specific mutations that arise during infection. This study illustrates the ongoing evolution of SARS-CoV-2 VOCs in our community and documents novel constellations of mutations that arise in individual patients. The ongoing evaluation of the evolution of SARS-CoV-2 during this pandemic is important for informing our public health strategies.

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“…Some vaccines have shown lower efficacy against the delta variant (B.1.617.2) and the omicron variant (B.1.1.529) [17] . Booster shots with mRNA vaccines restored protection against the omicron variant (B.1.1.529) [17] …”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

“…In a study on 5 year‐olds and under which excludes the compounding of vaccination and past infections, the symptoms of Omicron infected patients were substantially less severe than those infected with the Delta variant [16] . Some vaccines have shown lower efficacy against the delta variant (B.1.617.2) and the omicron variant (B.1.1.529) [17] . Booster shots with mRNA vaccines restored protection against the omicron variant (B.1.1.529) [17] …”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

Why Omicron Variant of SARS‐CoV‐2 is Less Fatal?

et al. 2022

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The article published by Nie et al. addressed one of the two key questions regarding the Omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2, while the underpinning for the less deadly nature of the variant remains unexplained. The proteins of the Omicron variant have numerous mutations, notably several substitutions of other amino acids by lysine residues. Glycine and valine attract calcium and enhance the formation of stressful, insoluble, and stiff calcium oxalate. Lysine residues in proteins build up [a

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The Impact of Evolving SARS-CoV-2 Mutations and Variants on COVID-19 Vaccines

Cited by 138 publications

References 182 publications

Evaluation of Antibody-Dependent Fc-Mediated Viral Entry, as Compared With Neutralization, in SARS-CoV-2 Infection

Evaluation of Antibody-Dependent Fc-Mediated Viral Entry, as Compared With Neutralization, in SARS-CoV-2 Infection

Sequencing during Times of Change: Evaluating SARS-CoV-2 Clinical Samples during the Transition from the Delta to Omicron Wave

Why Omicron Variant of SARS‐CoV‐2 is Less Fatal?

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