The Impact of European Green Deal on Turkey's Iron and Steel Industry: Decomposition Analysis of Energy-Related Sectoral Emissions

Abstract

The European Union has put forward a vision under the EU Green Deal's name to take the lead in its priorities, fulfill the Agreement's criteria, and subsequently accept the first EU climate law on March 5, 2020. The law framework aims to impose tax obligations on consumption goods imported by the EU from abroad, especially on energy-intensive sectors, by applying the carbon border adjustment mechanism. Our main goal is to determine what kind of measures can be taken to ensure that the iron and steel industry is least affected by the EU border carbon regulation. We are an absolute exporter, are least affected by the EU carbon border adjustment. For this reason, the change in energy-related greenhouse gas emissions from the iron and steel industry from 1998 to 2018 was analyzed using the Logarithmic Mean Divisia Index (LMDI) model to investigate the potential effects of carbon border adjustment in the iron and steel industry. The analyzes were made with five significant factors that determine the change of emissions. These factors are; changes in economic activity, activity mix, energy intensity, energy mix, and emission factors. Analysis has suggested that the economic activity effect has raised CO2 emissions. This method indicates that the energy intensity's impact could be the first key determinant of GHG emissions. Turkey should attempt to implement low-carbon development policies and reduce energy-related emissions in the iron & steel sector are the least impacted by the EU's carbon border adjustment.

Index Decomposition Analysis and Energy Consumption of Turkey: 2000-2014

“…The analysis will be preceded by a review of Turkish literature on decomposing changes in energy -or emission-related aggregates in Turkey. (Bektaş, 2021b) Economy wide with a focus iron and steel industry Table 2 summarises studies decomposing changes in energy -or emission-related aggregates in Turkey. To the best of the author's knowledge, (Karakaya & Özçağ, 2003) is among the first studies to use index decomposition to analyse Turkey's carbon emissions changes.…”

Oxy‐ and air‐ammonia premixed combustion in a two‐inlet cyclone combustor

“…However, using fossil fuels leads to a considerable expansion of greenhouse gas emissions and climate change. Climate change's adverse effects have been observed primarily in agriculture and food safety, water resources, public health, marine and land ecosystems, and coastal regions 1 . Research on alternative energy sources has become critical since hydrocarbon‐based energy sources' depletion and adverse environmental consequences.…”

“…Climate change's adverse effects have been observed primarily in agriculture and food safety, water resources, public health, marine and land ecosystems, and coastal regions. 1 Research on alternative energy sources has become critical since hydrocarbon-based energy sources' depletion and adverse environmental consequences. It is essential to find clean and reliable energy sources to achieve a long-term low-emission strategy that integrates the Paris agreement and net-zero target in recent years.…”