The impact of environmental temperature on the diagnosis of gestational diabetes mellitus

Vasileiou, Vasiliki; Kyratzoglou, E.; Paschou, Stavroula Α.; Kyprianou, Miltiades; Anastasiou, Eleni

doi:10.1530/eje-17-0730

Cited by 39 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Although we observed a temporal trend of increasing GDM incidence as the decade progressed in this analysis we could not find a seasonal trend. This is despite seasonal trends in GDM previously have been observed in populations in Sweden 13 , Australia 14, 15 , Italy 16 and Greece 17 . However of the populations tested before where no such trend was observed 18,19 one of these was also in the U.K. 19 so our lack of seasonal trend may relate to climate or other environmental factors specific to the U.K. Alternatively, whilst at least one of the studies that found a seasonal trend used a very similar analysis technique to the one that we used 15 , other studies used analysis of variance or categorical/ordinal analyses which did not account for the recurring nature of the seasons or adjust for longer-term temporal trends 13,14,16,17 so differences from our results may relate to this.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 71%

“…9 Therefore another factor that could explain at least part of the increased incidence of GDM is exposure to raised or rising ambient temperatures in certain populations. [10][11][12] Following this some studies have reported seasonal variations in the incidence of GDM [13][14][15][16][17] , although this has not been observed in all populations or climates. 18,19 In this study we investigated whether there were temporal and seasonal trends in GDM incidence in our single centre population from Cambridge, U.K. which recruited pregnant women between 2001 and 2009.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

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Temporal Trends without Seasonal Effects on Gestational Diabetes Incidence Relate to Reductions in Indices of Insulin Secretion: The Cambridge Baby Growth Study

Petry

Fisher

Ong

et al. 2019

Preprint

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word count 250 Main text word count 3,134 References 39 Petry et al., page -2 - AbstractAims The incidence of gestational diabetes has been reported to have risen over the first decade of this century. Some studies have also found it to vary with seasons of the year. We therefore investigated temporal and seasonal trends on gestational diabetes incidence in a single centre cohort study from Cambridge, U.K., and attempted to explain trends using associations with risk factors. Materials and MethodsUsing a cosinor model we tested whether there were both temporal and seasonal trends in gestational diabetes incidence in 1,074 women recruited to the Cambridge Baby Growth Study in 2001-2009 who underwent oral glucose tolerance tests around week 28 of pregnancy. We also undertook risk factor analyses. ResultsThere was a temporal increase in gestational diabetes incidence over the course of recruitment to this study (p=2.1x10 -3 ) but no seasonal effect (p=0.7). HOMA B (p=3.0x10 -3 ; n=1,049) and the insulin disposition index (p=3.0x10 -3 ; n=1,000) showed negative temporal trends. There was no negative association with HOMA S. Risk factor analyses showed a concomitant temporal slight increase in the index of multiple deprivation (p=4.6x10 -10 , n=1,068). This index was positively associated with HOMA B (p=6.1x10 -5 , n=955) but not directly with gestational diabetes (p=0.6, n=1,032), HOMA S (p=0.2, n=955) or the insulin disposition index (p=0.4, n=955). ConclusionsIn this population there were temporal but not seasonal increases in gestational diabetes incidence between the years 2001 and 2009, which appeared to be related more to reductions in insulin secretion than sensitivity. Possible mediators of this link include confounding factors related to deprivation.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 71%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Temporal Trends without Seasonal Effects on Gestational Diabetes Incidence Relate to Reductions in Indices of Insulin Secretion: The Cambridge Baby Growth Study

Petry

Fisher

Ong

et al. 2019

Preprint

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“…In addition to risk associated with individuals, however, there may also be factors in the general environment that influence the likelihood of GDM. Several recent reports suggest that GDM incidence varies with season in diverse settings including southern Europe [7][8][9], Brazil [10], Australia [11][12][13] and Canada [14,15]. These studies show that postload glucose values and incidence of GDM increase at higher ambient temperatures [7,8,10,13,14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 70%

Seasonal variations in incidence and maternal–fetal outcomes of gestational diabetes

et al. 2020

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Aims To determine whether the neonatal and delivery outcomes of gestational diabetes vary seasonally in the context of a relatively cool temperate climate. Methods A retrospect cohort of 23 735 women consecutively delivering singleton, live‐born term infants in a single tertiary obstetrics centre in the UK (2004–2008) was identified. A total of 985 (4.1%) met the diagnostic criteria for gestational diabetes. Additive dynamic regression models, adjusted for maternal age, BMI, parity and ethnicity, were used to compare gestational diabetes incidence and outcomes over annual cycles. Outcomes included: random plasma glucose at booking; gestational diabetes diagnosis; birth weight centile; and delivery mode. Results The incidence of gestational diabetes varied by 30% from peak incidence (October births) to lowest incidence (March births; P=0.031). Ambient temperature at time of testing (28 weeks) was strongly positively associated with diagnosis (P<0.001). Significant seasonal variation was evident in birth weight in gestational diabetes‐affected pregnancies (average 54th centile June to September; average 60th centile December to March; P=0.027). Emergency Caesarean rates also showed significant seasonal variation of up to 50% (P=0.038), which was closely temporally correlated with increased birth weights. Conclusions There is substantial seasonal variation in gestational diabetes incidence and maternal–fetal outcomes, even in a relatively cool temperate climate. The highest average birth weight and greatest risk of emergency Caesarean delivery occurs in women delivering during the spring months. Recognizing seasonal variation in neonatal and delivery outcomes provides new opportunity for individualizing approaches to managing gestational diabetes.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The influence of seasonal variationbased on outdoor air temperatureon glucose concentrations during an oral glucose tolerance test or on the prevalence of GDM has been studied with inconsistent findings [6][7][8][9][10][11][12]. However, more recent studies have reported a seasonal variation in GDM, based on outdoor temperature [7][8][9][10][11][12]. The influence of seasonal variation is thought to be due to factors including alterations in blood flow, seasonal variations in food consumption and physical activity, alterations in brown adipose tissue, and vitamin D mediated effects [13][14][15][16][17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of sunshine on the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus in primiparous women

Laine

Kautiainen

Gissler

et al. 2019

International Journal of Circumpolar Health

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There is a lack of data about the influence of sunshine hours on the prevalence for gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). The aim of this study was to evaluate whether the prevalence of GDM varied according to hours of daily sunshine during the first trimester. The study cohort (N = 6189) consists of all primiparous women with a Finnish background who delivered between 2009 and 2015 living in Vantaa city, Finland. Data on births and maternal characteristics were obtained from National Health Registers. Data on sunshine hours were obtained from the Finnish Meteorological Institute. Individual daily sunshine hours during the first trimester of pregnancy were calculated for each woman. Diagnosis of GDM was based on a standard 75-g 2-h glucose tolerance test (OGTT). No relationship was observed between month of conception and GDM. Daily sunshine hours during the first trimester and GDM showed a U-shaped association (adjusted p-value 0.019). In OGTT, a U-shaped association was observed between 0-h glucose value and daily sunshine hours during the first trimester (p = 0.039) as well as with the 1-h glucose value (p = 0.012), respectively. In primiparous women daily sunshine hours during the first trimester showed a U-shaped association with the prevalence of GDM independent of pre-pregnancy risk factors.

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The impact of environmental temperature on the diagnosis of gestational diabetes mellitus

Abstract: GDM prevalence in Greece presents seasonal variation, with higher risk during summer due to post glucose load level variations. These variations could be attributed to differences in environmental temperature.

Cited by 39 publications

References 17 publications

Temporal Trends without Seasonal Effects on Gestational Diabetes Incidence Relate to Reductions in Indices of Insulin Secretion: The Cambridge Baby Growth Study

Temporal Trends without Seasonal Effects on Gestational Diabetes Incidence Relate to Reductions in Indices of Insulin Secretion: The Cambridge Baby Growth Study

Seasonal variations in incidence and maternal–fetal outcomes of gestational diabetes

Impact of sunshine on the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus in primiparous women

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