The impact of endurance training and table soccer on brain metabolites in schizophrenia

Rauchmann, Boris‐Stephan; Ghaseminejad, Farhad; Keeser, Daniel; Keller-Varady, Katriona; Schneider‐Axmann, Thomas; Takahashi, Shun; Karali, Temmuz; Helms, Gunther; Dechent, Peter; Maurus, Isabel; Hasan, Alkomiet; Wobrock, Thomas; Ertl‐Wagner, Birgit; Schmitt, Aurore; Malchow, Berend; Falkai, Peter

doi:10.1007/s11682-019-00198-1

Cited by 9 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…Our findings also add support for the benefits of physical activity on cognition (Biddle et al, 2019 ), as hippocampal levels of Glx are associated with memory (Nikolova et al, 2017 ), and typically decrease with aging, MCI, Alzheimer's disease, dementia with Lewy bodies, and schizophrenia (Huang et al, 2017 ; Rauchmann et al, 2020 ; Su et al, 2016 ). Cross‐sectional literature also links frontal cortex NAA and creatine concentrations with working memory in children and adolescents (Ozturk et al, 2009 ; Yeo et al, 2000 ).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 72%

“…adolescents, cognition, exercise, working memory as well as in a range of pathologies including mild cognitive impairment (MCI), Alzheimer's disease, and mental health disorders (Deicken et al, 2003;Foy et al, 2011;Karl & Werner, 2010;Rauchmann et al, 2020;Rosso et al, 2017;Su et al, 2016). Similarly, hippocampal concentrations of total choline (tCho; a marker of phospholipid membrane levels/cell density) are decreased in Alzheimer's disease, mental health disorders, and former athletes with a history of concussion (Ende et al, 2000;Su et al, 2016;Tremblay et al, 2013), while higher levels have been observed in occipito-parietal gray matter of endurance-trained compared to sedentary adults (Gonzales et al, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Glutamate+glutamine (Glx), a class of excitatory amino acid, is considered a marker of brain metabolic activity as it plays a crucial role in mitochondrial metabolism and is involved in the maintenance and regulation of synaptic information transmission (Huang et al, 2017 ). Hippocampal concentrations of NAA and Glx typically decrease during aging (Huang et al, 2017 ; Rae, 2014 ; Yang et al, 2015 ), as well as in a range of pathologies including mild cognitive impairment (MCI), Alzheimer's disease, and mental health disorders (Deicken et al, 2003 ; Foy et al, 2011 ; Karl & Werner, 2010 ; Rauchmann et al, 2020 ; Rosso et al, 2017 ; Su et al, 2016 ). Similarly, hippocampal concentrations of total choline (tCho; a marker of phospholipid membrane levels/cell density) are decreased in Alzheimer's disease, mental health disorders, and former athletes with a history of concussion (Ende et al, 2000 ; Su et al, 2016 ; Tremblay et al, 2013 ), while higher levels have been observed in occipito‐parietal gray matter of endurance‐trained compared to sedentary adults (Gonzales et al, 2013 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of high‐intensity interval training on hippocampal metabolism in older adolescents

et al. 2022

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Although well‐evidenced in older adults, the effects of exercise on the hippocampus in youth are relatively unknown. This study examined the impact of a 6‐month school‐based physical activity intervention on hippocampal metabolism in adolescents using magnetic resonance spectroscopy. A subset of lower fit older adolescents [N = 56, 61% female, 16.1 ± 0.4 years] was included from four secondary schools (10 classes) in New South Wales, Australia, who were participating in a larger cluster randomized controlled trial. Participants were randomized to the Burn 2 Learn (B2L) intervention (five classes, 30 participants) or a control group (five classes, 26 participants). Changes in hippocampal metabolism were assessed using linear mixed models adjusted for clustering at the class level. We observed group‐by‐time effects for the B2L intervention on N‐acetylaspartate (NAA) (+2.66 mmol/L, 95% CI 0.20 to 5.11, d = 0.66) and glutamate+glutamine (Glx) (+3.38 mmol/L, 95% CI 0.34 to 6.42, d = 0.67) in the left hippocampus. Increases in left hippocampal NAA and Glx concentrations were associated with improvements in cardiorespiratory fitness (NAA: rs = 0.52, p = .016; Glx: rs = 0.57, p = .007), lower body muscular fitness (NAA: rs = 0.49, p = .018; Glx: rs = 0.59, p = .003), and working memory (NAA: rs = 0.42, p = .032; Glx: rs = 0.43, p = .028) in the intervention group. Our findings suggest physical activity may improve hippocampal metabolism in lower fit older adolescents with implications for working memory. Further studies involving larger samples are needed to replicate our findings.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 72%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of high‐intensity interval training on hippocampal metabolism in older adolescents

et al. 2022

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“…Additionally, a study that compared aerobic exercise training with table soccer in patients with SZ and healthy controls showed an increased volume of the right entorhinal cortex compared with baseline after 6 weeks’ training [ 87 ] and of the left superior, middle, and inferior anterior temporal gyri after 3 months’ training; but patients with SZ who played table soccer showed increased volumes in the motor and anterior cingulate cortices [ 88 ]. After 6 weeks’ aerobic exercise training, a magnetic resonance spectroscopy study in patients with SZ found increased N -acetyl-aspartate/total creatine levels in the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in both the aerobic exercise and table soccer groups [ 89 ], indicating improved neuronal viability. Additionally, a 6-month aerobic exercise program improved the integrity of motor function-related white matter fiber tracts compared with a life-as-usual condition [ 90 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aerobic exercise in severe mental illness: requirements from the perspective of sports medicine

Falkai

Schmitt

Rosenbeiger

et al. 2021

Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci

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Major depression, bipolar disorder, and schizophrenia are severe mental illnesses. Despite receiving psychopharmacological and psychosocial treatments, about half of patients develop a chronic course with residual cognitive and negative symptoms and have a high risk for cardiovascular disease and reduced life expectancy. Therefore, add-on innovative treatment approaches are needed to improve outcome. Aerobic exercise interventions have been shown to improve global functioning, cognition, and negative and depressive symptoms in these patients. The basic mechanism of these exercise-related changes has been reported to be improved brain plasticity, e.g., increased volume of disease-related brain regions such as the hippocampus. The optimal type, duration, and frequency of exercise have not yet been determined and need to be addressed in supervised physical exercise studies. Because of the low physical activity levels, lack of drive related to negative and depressive symptoms, and high prevalence of cardiovascular comorbidities in patients with severe mental illness, besides aiming to improve symptoms of mental illness, exercise interventions should also aim to increase cardiorespiratory fitness, which they should comprehensively assess by direct measurements of maximal oxygen uptake. Based on the recommendations for developing cardiorespiratory fitness by the American College of Sports Medicine, 150 min moderate-intensity training per week or vigorous-intensity exercise training for 75 min per week are appropriate. Most studies have had relatively short intervention periods, so future studies should focus on long-term adherence to exercise by implementing motivational strategies supported by telemedicine and by identifying and targeting typical barriers to exercise in this patient population.

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“…The inclusion criteria were following: age matched individuals, no medical history of mental disorder and no participation in exercise studies two years prior the mentioned study (Malchow et al 2015). These subjects were part of the control group in several studies investigating the effect of physical training on cognitive function (Malchow et al 2015;Malchow et al 2016;Rauchmann et al 2019;Roeh et al 2020). The study was approved by the local ethics committee of the University Medical Center Goettingen and was in accordance with the declaration of Helsinki.…”

Section: Participantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exercise-induced microRNA modulations and their role in cognition

Goldberg¹

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The impact of endurance training and table soccer on brain metabolites in schizophrenia

Cited by 9 publications

References 48 publications

Effect of high‐intensity interval training on hippocampal metabolism in older adolescents

Effect of high‐intensity interval training on hippocampal metabolism in older adolescents

Aerobic exercise in severe mental illness: requirements from the perspective of sports medicine

Exercise-induced microRNA modulations and their role in cognition

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