The Impact of Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals on Female Fertility

Abstract

<jats:p> Nowadays, infertility is a prevalent problem among couples. Exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) may influence the female reproductive outcomes through multiple mechanisms, being one of the important causes of infertility. These compounds may interfere with some fertility and fecundity markers, leading to increased time to pregnancy, increased risk of spontaneous abortion, shorter menstrual cycles, early age at menopause, anovulation or delayed ovulation, smaller preovulatory follicles, increased serum FSH, decreased synthesis of estradiol and progesterone, low plasma levels of anti-Mullerian hormone and decreased antral follicle count. Endocrine-disrupting chemicals may also impair in vitro fertilization outcomes, being responsible for: a lower probability of implantation, reduced fertilization rates, diminished probability of clinical pregnancy, and near term pregnancies after in vitro fertilization. Another mechanism of altering the female reproductive function is through the disorders induced by EDCs, such as polycystic ovary syndrome, uterine fibroids, and endometriosis. Those conditions may finally lead to infertility. </jats:p>