The Impact of Employment and Serious Illness on Grandmothers Who Are Raising Their Grandchildren

Sands, Roberta G.; Goldberg-Glen, Robin S.

doi:10.1300/j074v10n03_04

Cited by 39 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Sands and Goldberg-Glenn (1998) reported a buffering effect of work on the caregiving stress faced by grandmother caregivers in the form of psychophysiological symptoms. Their finding is congruent with the literature suggesting that employed women caregivers are more likely to report higher self-esteem and life satisfaction than those who are unemployed (Moen, Robinson, & Fields, 1994).…”

Section: Background and Contextmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors Associated with the Psychological Health of Grandparents as Primary Caregivers: An Analysis of Gender Differences

Park

2009

Journal of Intergenerational Relationships

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Recent evidence documents that grandparents raising grandchildren face a great risk of psychological distress associated with this caregiver role. Information we know about grandparent caregivers heavily relies on grandmothers. Although the caregiver's gender is an important contextual factor in shaping the stress process, often unnoticed are grandfathers who assume the caregiving responsibility for their grandchildren. Guided by the Caregiver Stress Process model, this study examines common and differential factors associated with the psychological health of grandfathers and grandmothers living with their grandchildren without the parents of the child. Based on the National Survey of America's Families, data on 209 grandfathers and 1,781 grandmothers were analyzed. Results indicate that factors related to a lower level of the psychological health of grandmothers include their younger age, poor health, not having high school diploma, not being employed, living in poverty, and caring for grandchildren with severe behavioral problems. On the contrary, factors associated with the poor psychological health of grandfathers include their living without a spouse, poor health, and caring for very young grandchildren (under the age of five) or grandchildren with severe behavioral problems. Active social participation (volunteer activities and religious services attendance) is directly associated with better psychological health only for grandmothers. Findings suggest that social policy and interventions to help grandparents raising grandchildren should be designed in consideration of the differential factors associated with mental health by the gender of caregiving grandparents. Implications for policy and practice are discussed.

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Section: Background and Contextmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors Associated with the Psychological Health of Grandparents as Primary Caregivers: An Analysis of Gender Differences

Park

2009

Journal of Intergenerational Relationships

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“…The background characteristics examined in this study, identified in earlier research as impacting caregiving stress, include gender (Fredriksen, 1996a;Kramer & Kipnis, 1995), race and ethnicity (Fredman, Daly, & Lazur, 1995;Hinton, Fox & Levkoff, 1999), job classification (Fredriksen & Scharlach, 1997), age (Scharlach & Fredriksen, 1994) and health status (Cochrane, Goering & Rogers, 1997;Pavalko & Woodbury, 2000;Sands & Goldberg, 1998).…”

Section: Conceptual Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Interactive Model of Informal Adult Care and Employment

Fredriksen-Goldsen¹,

Scharlach²

2006

Community, Work & Family

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This study examines a multifactorial model of caregiving strain and accommodations, utilizing a sample of 1,146 employed caregivers. Based on a theoretically derived resource and demand model of caregiving outcomes, stepwise multiple regression equations were utilized to assess the contribution of selected caregiver background characteristics, family and work demands, and resources. Demanding aspects of caregiving and work responsibilities were found to contribute the most to caregiving strain and to work and family accommodations. Caregiver health status, job control and co-worker support also contributed significantly to the regression models. These findings underscore that demands at home and at work both contribute to workÁ family strain, suggesting that interventions are not apt to be effective in reducing the stress on employed caregivers unless they directly reduce the growing time pressures and energy demands experienced by today's workers and family members.Keywords caregiving; work and family; adult care Cette étude analyse le degré de surmenage des auxiliaires de vie en utilisant un échantillon de 1.146 professionnels en activité. Basé sur un modèle conceptuel d'offre et de demande pour ce type de service, une série d'équations régressives par étape a été utilisée afin d'évaluer la prestation de l'échantillon analysé sur la base de ses caractéristiques sociaux démographiques, des charges familiales et professionnelles et des conditions de ressources. L'étude a prouvé que les caractéristiques contraignantes de ce type de profession ainsi que les responsabilités qui s'y rattachent contribuaient les plus au surmenage des auxiliaires de vie; cela ainsi que les aménagements nécessaires entre vie de famille et astreintes professionnelles. L'état de santé, le degré d'autonomie ainsi que le soutien potentiel des collègues de l'auxiliaire de vie ont également une incidence significative sur le modèle régressif. Ces conclusions soulignent que les contraintes domestiques associées a`celles du travail contribuent conjointement au surmenage tant dans le cadre familial que professionnel, suggérant que des interventions ne sont pas en mesure de réduire ce surmenage chez les auxiliaire de vie en activité, excepté si elles agissent directement en diminuant le stress lié aux contraintes de temps croissantes et aux exigences en énergie rencontrés par les auxiliaires de vie et leurs familles de nos jours.Mot clés Le surmenage; le travail (les responsibilitíes professionnelles) et la famille; le surmenage des auxiliares de vie

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“…Although we could find no other studies that estimated the association between probable depression and IOF, studies focused on parents of children with chronic or life-limiting illnesses have found these parents have greater levels of stress, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), anxiety, and fear. [17][18][19][20] Hopia et al 21 notes that when a child has a serious illness oftentimes the whole family is ''ill'' and the overall health of the family becomes vulnerable. Pediatric palliative care programs, as opposed to other models of care, are designed to treat the family and not just the child.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Studies have shown that underemployment or unemployment is associated with greater levels of stress for parents of children with life-limiting and chronic conditions. 19,20 Further testing should be conducted to determine if the factors that affect impact on family are different for a broader socioeconomic group. Third, our study did not capture if the respondent was the child's mother or father.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Family Support in Pediatric Palliative Care: How Are Families Impacted by their Children's Illnesses?

Knapp

Madden

Curtis

et al. 2010

Journal of Palliative Medicine

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Our findings stress the importance of considering the needs of all family members when providing care to children and understanding and attempting to address family member's needs that may not be covered by pediatric palliative care services. Particular attention should be paid to parents with depressive symptoms, because they can receive supportive care in their children's pediatric palliative care programs.

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The Impact of Employment and Serious Illness on Grandmothers Who Are Raising Their Grandchildren

Cited by 39 publications

References 16 publications

Factors Associated with the Psychological Health of Grandparents as Primary Caregivers: An Analysis of Gender Differences

Factors Associated with the Psychological Health of Grandparents as Primary Caregivers: An Analysis of Gender Differences

An Interactive Model of Informal Adult Care and Employment

Family Support in Pediatric Palliative Care: How Are Families Impacted by their Children's Illnesses?

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