The impact of elevated water ammonia concentration on physiology, growth and feed intake of African catfish (Clarias gariepinus)

Schram, E.; Roques, J.A.C.; Abbink, W.; Spanings, Tom; Vries, P. de; Bierman, S.M.; Vis, Hans van de; Flik, G.

doi:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2010.06.005

Cited by 100 publications

(74 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…In the current study, mRNA expression levels (Fig.9A) and activity (Fig.11A) of NKA clearly responded to HEA in carp and goldfish gills, but not in trout. Increased activities of NKA have also been reported in silver perch, golden perch, climbing catfish and pufferfish when exposed to HEA (Alam and Frankel, 2006;Nawata et al, 2010b;Schram et al, 2010), but not in previous studies on rainbow trout Wood and Nawata, 2011). These enhanced responses in HEA-exposed carp and goldfish might provide another explanation for increased J Na in in these species (Fig.1).…”

Section: Nka Responsementioning

confidence: 73%

Modulation of Rh glycoproteins, ammonia excretion and Na+ fluxes in three freshwater teleosts when exposed chronically to high environmental ammonia

Sinha

Liew

Nawata

et al. 2013

Journal of Experimental Biology

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Section: Nka Responsementioning

confidence: 73%

Modulation of Rh glycoproteins, ammonia excretion and Na+ fluxes in three freshwater teleosts when exposed chronically to high environmental ammonia

Sinha

Liew

Nawata

et al. 2013

Journal of Experimental Biology

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“…In consequence, treatments need to be evaluated several days after hatch as was done in this study even if exposure is ended at hatch. Information on the effects of exposure on larval growth and deformities is also needed based on observations in other species (Holt and Arnold, 1983;Lemarié et al, 2004;Schram et al, 2010). A specific consideration to ammonia challenges is the importance of the pH, as this parameter directly influences the concentration of toxic UIA-N.…”

Section: S1mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of hypoxia and elevated ammonia concentration on the viability of red snapper embryos and early larvae

Bardon‐Albaret

Saillant

2016

Aquaculture

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a b s t r a c tThe effects of hypoxic conditions and elevated ammonia concentrations on the viability of embryos and newly hatched larvae of the red snapper (Lutjanus campechanus) were investigated. In all experiments, tested levels of hypoxia or ammonia concentrations were applied to embryos and unfed newly hatched larvae from three different spawns. Exposures began at 1 h post fertilization (pf) and lasted until all individuals in a group had expired. Survival rates were monitored daily in duplicates for each spawn in each treatment. Fertilized eggs exposed to 2 mg L −1 dissolved oxygen (29% saturation) showed complete mortality before hatch while 81% of embryos in control groups (N 85% saturation) hatched and subsequently maintained high survival until 5 days pf. Exposure to a moderate hypoxia (target 3 mg L −1 , 43% saturation) reduced significantly the hatch rate and subsequent survival rates; the magnitude of the difference in survival rate between control and exposed groups increased from 10% at hatch to 45% at 5 days pf. When oxygen concentration was maintained high (83% saturation) until 36 h pf and then progressively reduced to reach 3 mg L −1 at 2 days pf, the survival of exposed embryos and larvae did not differ significantly from those recorded in control groups, although potential delayed or cumulative effects of the treatment after 4 days pf could not be evaluated in this experiment. Embryos exposed to 10 mg L −1 total ammonia (TA-N), which corresponded to unionized ammonia (UIA-N) concentrations ranging between 0.307 and 0.468 mg L −1 in the conditions of the experiment, exhibited significantly reduced hatch rates and complete mortality between 3 and 4 days pf; the latter period corresponds to the onset of exogenous feeding of red snapper. In contrast, control groups (TA-N b 0.26 mg L −1 , UIA-N b 0.006 mg L −1 ) maintained high survival rates beyond 5 days pf indicating potential to successfully initiate exogenous feeding. Exposure to 1 mg L −1 TA-N (0.020 mg L −1 b UIA-N b 0.054 mg L −1 ) did not alter significantly survival with respect to control groups. Significant interactions between the spawn and the tolerance to hypoxia or elevated ammonia were detected in both experiments, indicating that variations among spawns need to be accounted for when determining safe levels for hatchery production. Statement of relevanceAchieving a reliable supply of high quality eggs and larvae is one of the main challenges of the developing marine aquaculture industry. Most studies to date have focused on maternal determinants of egg quality but the viability of embryos and newly hatched larvae can be impacted after fertilization if environmental conditions become unfavorable due to intensive hatchery conditions; this topic is poorly documented in marine fishes to date. This study provides data on the effects of two major stressors acting under high density culture (hypoxia and elevated ammonia concentration) on embryos and newly hatched larvae of the red snapper; the results highlight the importance to conside...

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“…As fish density increases, water quality parameters are affected in a complex manner yielding decreased levels of dissolved oxygen (DO) and increased levels of carbon dioxide, nitrates and ammonia as well as a decreased pH (Ellis et al 2002). Several studies have shown that high stocking density per se can be stressful to the fish (Ellis et al 2002;Adams et al 2007;Schram et al 2010). For instance, Atlantic salmon kept at a density of 70 kg m -3 displayed elevated plasma cortisol levels, while this was not seen in fish kept at the intermediate densities of 30 and 50 kg m -3 (Sundh et al, in preparation).…”

Section: Main Characteristics Of the Intestinal Primary Barriermentioning

confidence: 99%

Health of farmed fish: its relation to fish welfare and its utility as welfare indicator

Segner

Sundh

Buchmann

et al. 2011

Fish Physiol Biochem

178

102

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This brief review focuses on health and biological function as cornerstones of fish welfare. From the function-based point of view, good welfare is reflected in the ability of the animal to cope with infectious and non-infectious stressors, thereby maintaining homeostasis and good health, whereas stressful husbandry conditions and protracted suffering will lead to the loss of the coping ability and, thus, to impaired health. In the first part of the review, the physiological processes through which stressful husbandry conditions modulate health of farmed fish are examined. If fish are subjected to unfavourable husbandry conditions, the resulting disruption of internal homeostasis necessitates energy-demanding physiological adjustments (allostasis/acclimation). The ensuing energy drain leads to trade-offs with other energy-demanding processes such as the functioning of the primary epithelial barriers (gut, skin, gills) and the immune system. Understanding of the relation between husbandry conditions, allostatic responses and fish health provides the basis for the second theme developed in this review, the potential use of biological function and health parameters as operational welfare indicators (OWIs). Advantages of function- and health-related parameters are that they are relatively straightforward to recognize and to measure and are routinely monitored in most aquaculture units, thereby providing feasible tools to assess fish welfare under practical farming conditions. As the efforts to improve fish welfare and environmental sustainability lead to increasingly diverse solutions, in particular integrated production, it is imperative that we have objective OWIs to compare with other production forms, such as high-density aquaculture. However, to receive the necessary acceptance for legislation, more robust scientific backing of the health- and function-related OWIs is urgently needed.

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The impact of elevated water ammonia concentration on physiology, growth and feed intake of African catfish (Clarias gariepinus)

Cited by 100 publications

References 22 publications

Modulation of Rh glycoproteins, ammonia excretion and Na+ fluxes in three freshwater teleosts when exposed chronically to high environmental ammonia

Modulation of Rh glycoproteins, ammonia excretion and Na+ fluxes in three freshwater teleosts when exposed chronically to high environmental ammonia

Effects of hypoxia and elevated ammonia concentration on the viability of red snapper embryos and early larvae

Health of farmed fish: its relation to fish welfare and its utility as welfare indicator

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