The impact of different obstacles on crowd dynamics

Karbovskii, Vladislav A.; Severiukhina, Oksana; Derevitskii, Ivan; Voloshin, Daniil V.; Presbitero, Alva; Lees, Michael

doi:10.1016/j.jocs.2018.06.010

Cited by 10 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…One interesting phenomenon is that in evacuation scenario where pedestrians are urgent to get out the exit, putting an obstacle in front of the exit could help improve the outflow efficiency under certain conditions [2,3,4,5,6]. Other reasonable obstacle settings that could help improve the evacuation efficiency have also been evaluated based on simulation [7,8]. This phenomenon tends to be more apparent in the case of silo [9], sheep [10] and mice [11] outflow without self-awareness or with high competition, while hard to be observed in non-emergency egress conditions [12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental study on the evading behavior of individual pedestrians when confronting with an obstacle in a corridor

Jia

Feliciani

Yanagisawa

et al. 2019

Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications

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In this paper, controlled experiments have been conducted to make deep analysis on the obstacle evading behavior of individual pedestrians affected by one obstacle. Results of Fourier Transform show that with the increase of obstacle width, the frequency and amplitude of body sway would barely be affected while the lateral deviation of walking direction would largely increase. On the one hand, the relation among the extracted gait features including body sway, stride length, frequency and speed has been illustrated. On the other hand, the walking direction can be featured by three critical evading points where apparent change of walking direction could be observed. Gaussian function has been used to fit the walking direction, thus allowing to estimate the three critical points and examine their variation with the increase of obstacle size. Furthermore, the direct-indirect evading and left-right turning preference as well as the possible psychological motivations behind have been analyzed. It is indicated that direct-evading pedestrians have a higher walking efficiency and right-turning pedestrians have a stronger tendency to behave 'direct'. Results of this paper are expected to provide practical evidence for the modeling of pedestrian dynamics affected by obstacles.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental study on the evading behavior of individual pedestrians when confronting with an obstacle in a corridor

Jia

Feliciani

Yanagisawa

et al. 2019

Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications

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show abstract

“…Failure in the proper operation of such elements can pose risks to pedestrians. Therefore, the task of confirming the objects in the space is essential to detect and prevent such hazards [30]. This section allows for multiple choice.…”

Section: A Frameworkmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of a Risk Space Prediction Model Based on CCTV Images Using Deep Learning: Crowd Collapse

Chang,

Jung,

Park

2024

Int. J. Adv. Sci. Eng. Inf. Technol.

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Crowd disasters are not limited to events but can occur at any time and place where large crowds are densely gathered. The most significant factor contributing to injuries in mass gatherings is pressure. The likelihood of injuries due to pressure significantly increases when the crowd density exceeds 5-6 individuals per square meter. Once a crowd disaster occurs, it becomes challenging for rescue and medical personnel to access the affected area, potentially exacerbating the situation. However, since there is no single clear solution to address crowd disasters, there is a need for a system that can detect and analyze them in advance or in real-time. This research aims to contribute to the proactive detection and analysis of various crowd disasters, focusing on improving strategies for disaster response. In this study, we utilized a dataset of 50 videos from 35 individual incidents to propose a framework that classifies the risk levels into Crowd Crush, Crowd Wave, and Crowd Collapse. Additionally, we analyzed the feasibility of real-time detection using P2PNet (Point to Point Network), Yolo (You Only Look Once) v8, and DBSCAN (Density-Based Spatial Clustering of Applications with Noise) algorithms, moving away from prior still image-based detection methods. Our research outcomes provide new evidence for the feasibility of real-time detection using DBSCAN in Crowd Disaster scenarios. Moreover, the findings from this study can serve as valuable reference material for upcoming research, particularly emphasizing the algorithmic analysis of crowd collapses.

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“…One of the main reasons for the improvement of evacuation efficiency is that the obstacle could help decrease the conflicts caused by friction and turning behavior of pedestrians before the exit [1,2,11]. Other reasonable obstacle settings that could help improve evacuation efficiency have also been evaluated [12,6]. On the other hand, some studies reminded us that under conditions where pedestrians cannot fully recognize the exit location, the obstacle could have a negative effect on evacuation efficiency by obstructing the sights of pedestrians [13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mathematical Modeling of pedestrian flow through the obstacle bottleneck

Jia¹,

Yanagisawa²,

Feliciani³

et al. 2023

J. Phys.: Conf. Ser.

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For pedestrians in walking facilities, their movements are often obstructed by bottlenecks where the walkable widths are geometrically reduced. In previous research, to reproduce the influence of bottlenecks on pedestrian movements, agent-based simulation models have been widely applied. However, their high reliability on modeling rules and parameters requires calibration at the microscopic level, which makes them difficult to apply from an engineering perspective. Here, we applied a mathematical approach, which estimates the egress efficiency based on the density-flow rate fundamental diagram, to reproduce the egress time of pedestrians in our field experiments. Both the obstacle and the exit were considered bottlenecks in our experiments. It was indicated that with the same width, the obstacle bottleneck acted as an ‘ineffective’ bottleneck that did not affect the egress time when it was near the exit bottleneck, whereas acted as an ‘effective’ bottleneck when it was distant from the exit bottleneck. To reproduce this phenomenon, we applied a mathematical approach that abstracts the walking scenario as a scheme with the bottlenecks as links and different regions as nodes. As a result, the egress times under different layouts were reproduced successfully by introducing the density-flow rate fundamental diagram into the scheme. Furthermore, a reasonable range of the obstacle size and obstacle-exit width, under which condition the egress time is constant, was estimated. This study can be applied to estimate the egress time of the walking facilities by considering the fundamentals of pedestrian flows from a mathematical perspective, thus helping in the actual design of bottlenecks that could ensure efficient and safe pedestrian egress in walking facilities.

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The impact of different obstacles on crowd dynamics

Cited by 10 publications

References 15 publications

Experimental study on the evading behavior of individual pedestrians when confronting with an obstacle in a corridor

Experimental study on the evading behavior of individual pedestrians when confronting with an obstacle in a corridor

Development of a Risk Space Prediction Model Based on CCTV Images Using Deep Learning: Crowd Collapse

Mathematical Modeling of pedestrian flow through the obstacle bottleneck

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