The impact of different cooling strategies on urban air temperatures: the cases of Campinas, Brazil and Mendoza, Argentina

Alchapar, Noelia Liliana; Pezzuto, Cláudia Cotrim; Correa, Érica Norma; Labaki, Lucila Chebel

doi:10.1007/s00704-016-1851-5

Cited by 39 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…It also introduces equations that consider the thermal inertness of the wall and roof (Acero et al, 2015;Yang et al, 2013). In recent studies, we have demonstrated ENVImet's prediction ability to reproduce urban temperatures with different scenarios by applying UHI mitigation strategies in Latin American cities (Alchapar et al, 2017). This work demonstrates that the scenarios that reach lower air temperatures have the highest percentage of urban vegetation and high levels of albedo in the road and roof surfaces.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 84%

Thermal performance of the Urban Weather Generator model as a tool for planning sustainable urban development

Alchapar¹,

Pezzuto²,

Erica³

et al. 2019

Geographica Pannonica

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The research aims at assessing the sensitivity of the Urban Weather Generator v4.1 to the application of different mitigation strategies for the urban heat island under two climatic contexts: desert climate (Mendoza city) and tropical climate (Campinas city). Twenty-four scenarios that modify their morphologic and material parameters were simulated. The results showed that the temperature of the air predicted by the UWG model is not significantly sensitive to the changes produced by the application of different strategies in urban contexts of equal H/W aspect; however, it does show sensitivity to the variation of the H/W aspect (ΔTa ≤ 1.3°C) and the climate context. The highest performance of the UWG model was recorded on the surface temperatures of the urban envelope, with a maximum difference in surface temperature was recorded on high aspect ratio with high albedo in arid climate, (Ts of roof = 28°C).

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 84%

Thermal performance of the Urban Weather Generator model as a tool for planning sustainable urban development

Alchapar¹,

Pezzuto²,

Erica³

et al. 2019

Geographica Pannonica

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“…Simulation results, performed for a hot summer day, suggested that the increase of the asphalt and concrete pavements' albedo by 0.27 and 0.45, respectively, can lower the maximum surface and air temperature of the study area by 3.5 • C and 1.39 • C, correspondingly (T air results at 1.80m from the ground level), while no changes were reported at the wind speed values after the morphological modification. In parallel, the application of cool materials on both vertical and horizontal surfaces may lead to considerable peak T air reductions with reported values ranging between 0.70 • C [123] and 3.70 • C [156]; hence, covering both building facades and ground surfaces with high albedo materials may sometimes have the opposite effect, resulting in the increase of ambient T air due to the important rise of shortwave reflections inside the street canyons [156,157].…”

Section: Cool Pavements Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Urban Warming and Cities’ Microclimates: Investigation Methods and Mitigation Strategies—A Review

et al. 2020

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The increased rates of urbanization and industrialization of the 20th and 21st centuries have dramatically changed the land use and cover of modern cities, contributing to the degradation of the urban microclimate and the rise of the ambient urban air temperatures. Given the multiple negative energy, environmental and social consequences of urban warming, the present paper summarizes the findings of previous studies, assessing the main causes of the phenomenon along with the key investigation methods involving experimental and computational approaches. There follows a description of the most common mitigations, and adaption strategies towards the attenuation of urban warming are described. The analyzed elements include the addition of green spaces such as trees, grass and green roofs; changes on the albedo of the urban surfaces and water-based techniques, as well as a combination of them. The discussion of the reported findings in the existing literature clearly reflects the impact of urban morphology on the outdoor thermal environment, providing also useful information for professionals and urban planners involved at the phase of decision-making.

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“…Máximo C.A. 6 lotes/quadra 3 16,2 27,1 10,9 28,2 22,9 32,9 9,4 16,0 27,6 11,5 28,2 22,7 2 16,6 25,7 9,2 27,9 22,3 32,9 10,2 16,4 26,2 9,8 27,8 22,2 33,0 10,2 16,6 25,7 9,2 27,8 22,3 32,7 10,3 16,6 26,0 9,5 27,8 22,2 32,9 10,7 Tais resultados corroboram os encontrados por , que verificaram redução de aproximadamente 3,5 ºC na temperatura do ar máxima quando a relação H/W foi reduzida de 1,2 para 0,1, e por Alchapar et al (2016), que observaram redução de aproximadamente 3,0 ºC na temperatura do ar máxima quando a relação H/W foi reduzida de 1,5 para 0,2. Ali-Toudert e Mayer (2006) também encontraram uma redução de 3,0 ºC na temperatura do ar máxima quando da redução da relação H/W de 4,0 para 0,5.…”

Section: Parâmetros De Entrada Da Simulaçãounclassified

“…O microclima do cânion urbano é afetado por diversos fatores, como materiais de superfície, orientação, geometria e presença de vegetação. Os materiais de superfície regulam a quantidade de radiação solar absorvida, refletida e emitida por suas superfícies (ALCHAPAR et al, 2016). A orientação determina o acesso solar e a velocidade do vento no cânion (ABREU-HARBICH; LABAKI; MATZARAKIS, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

“…A geometria, dada a relação entre a altura média das edificações e a largura da via (relação H/W), modifica o fator de visão do céu e, portanto, o acesso solar (VARDOULAKIS et al, 2003, NAKATA-OSAKI;SOUZA;RODRIGUES, 2016, MUNIZ;PEZZUTO, 2016). A presença de vegetação altera os parâmetros climáticos de temperatura e umidade relativa do ar (MINELLA; HONJO; KRÜGER, 2012;PEZZUTO et al, 2015;ALCHAPAR et al, 2016;KRÜGER, 2017).…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

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Parâmetros urbanísticos e o conforto térmico de cânions urbanos: o exemplo de Campinas, SP

et al. 2018

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Resumos parâmetros construtivos das legislações de uso e ocupação do solo regulam a ocupação do território urbano, e as modificações que neles ocorrem impactam no clima das cidades. Buscando analisar como a legislação de uso e ocupação do solo interfere no microclima e no conforto térmico do pedestre, um cânion urbano da cidade de Campinas foi estudado por meio de simulações computacionais feitas no programa ENVI-met 4.0 preview. Foram propostos 48 cenários estabelecidos a partir da variação da taxa de ocupação, coeficiente de aproveitamento e orientação do cânion, e comparou-se o conforto térmico proporcionado por cada cenário através do índice PET (Physiological Equivalent Temperature). Os resultados mostraram que cenários com maior relação entre altura e largura do cânion (H/W maior do que 1,0) apresentam temperatura do ar máxima até 1,0 ºC mais baixa que cenários mais abertos (H/W igual a 0,4). O aumento da relação H/W amplia o sombreamento do cânion e reduz a variação da sensação de conforto diária. Com relação à orientação do cânion, verificou-se que aqueles orientados paralelamente à direção predominante dos ventos têm o potencial de resfriamento das superfícies intensificado pelo aumento de sua velocidade. Enfatiza-se a importância de relacionar parâmetros urbanísticos com o clima e o conforto térmico do pedestre. Palavras-chaves: Cânion urbano. Geometria urbana. Parâmetros urbanísticos. Conforto térmico urbano. Microclima. AbstractThe constructive parameters of the legislation on land use and occupancy regulate the occupancy of urban land. Different specifications for these parameters affect the climate of cities. In order to analyse how the legislation on land use and occupancy affects the microclimate and the thermal comfort of pedestrians, this study focused on an urban canyon in the city of Campinas through the use of computer simulations made in the ENVI-met 4.0 preview program. Forty-eight scenarios based on the occupancy rate variations, the floor area rate and canyon orientation were compared regarding thermal comfort by using the PET (Physiological Equivalent Temperature) index. The results showed that scenarios with a higher correlation between canyon height and width (H/W greater than 1.0) had a maximum air temperature up to 1.0 ºC lower than more open scenarios (H/W equal to 0.4). An increase in the H/W ratio increased the shading of the canyon, reducing the variation of the daily comfort sensation and the peak values of the PET. Regarding the orientation of the canyon, it was verified that those oriented parallel to the predominant direction of the winds have the potential for cooling surfaces intensified by increasing their speed. The results emphasize the importance of relating urban parameters with the climate and thermal comfort of pedestrians.

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The impact of different cooling strategies on urban air temperatures: the cases of Campinas, Brazil and Mendoza, Argentina

Cited by 39 publications

References 49 publications

Thermal performance of the Urban Weather Generator model as a tool for planning sustainable urban development

Thermal performance of the Urban Weather Generator model as a tool for planning sustainable urban development

Urban Warming and Cities’ Microclimates: Investigation Methods and Mitigation Strategies—A Review

Parâmetros urbanísticos e o conforto térmico de cânions urbanos: o exemplo de Campinas, SP

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